Q: Which enzyme is required for the replication of RNA viruses in the host cell cytoplasm?

$$\text{RNA-dependent RNA polymerase}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of bacteriophage infection?

Accepted Answer

The lytic cycle results in immediate destruction of the host cell, while the lysogenic cycle allows the phage DNA to integrate into the host genome and remain dormant.

Question 2

During the biosynthesis of DNA viruses in animal cells, where does the replication of viral DNA typically occur?

Accepted Answer

In the nucleus of the host cell

Question 3

Which of the following is a consequence of phage conversion during the lysogenic cycle?

Accepted Answer

The host cell acquires new properties, such as the ability to produce toxins (e.g., diphtheria toxin)

Question 4

A naked capsid virus is more likely than an enveloped virus to:

Accepted Answer

Survive outside the host in harsh environmental conditions

Question 5

Which enzyme is required for the replication of RNA viruses in the host cell cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{RNA-dependent RNA polymerase}$$

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with rabies. Which of the following best describes the genetic material and structure of the causative virus?

Accepted Answer

Single-stranded RNA, negative (–) strand, enveloped

Question 7

Which of the following viruses uses reverse transcriptase to replicate its genome?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis B virus

Question 8

What is the primary mechanism by which enveloped animal viruses are released from the host cell?

Accepted Answer

Budding from the host cell membrane

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why enveloped viruses are generally more sensitive to detergents than naked viruses?

Accepted Answer

Detergents disrupt the lipid bilayer envelope, inactivating the virus

Question 10

A researcher is studying a virus that assembles its capsid proteins in the cytoplasm and causes skin lesions. Which virus family is most likely being studied?

Accepted Answer

Poxviridae

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of specialized transduction?

Accepted Answer

A phage transfers specific bacterial genes to another bacterium, altering its genetic properties

Question 12

Which of the following viruses is transmitted by arthropods and can cause eastern equine encephalitis?

Accepted Answer

Alphavirus (Togaviridae)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of uncoating in animal virus replication?

Accepted Answer

Separation of the viral nucleic acid from its capsid by viral or host enzymes

Question 14

Which virus family includes the causative agent of chickenpox?

Accepted Answer

Herpesviridae (Varicellovirus)

Question 15

A virus with a single-stranded RNA genome, positive (+) sense, and no envelope is most likely to belong to which family?

Accepted Answer

Picornaviridae

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the release of naked viruses is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are typically released by lysis of the host cell

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why a lysogenic bacterium can produce diphtheria toxin while a non-lysogenic strain cannot?

Accepted Answer

The gene for diphtheria toxin is encoded by the prophage DNA integrated into the host genome

Question 18

Which of the following viruses is associated with the development of warts and can transform cells to cause cancer?

Accepted Answer

Alphapapillomavirus (Papovaviridae)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of reverse transcriptase in the replication of retroviruses?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes DNA from an RNA template

Question 20

A patient is infected with SARS-CoV-2. Which of the following statements about this virus is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a single-stranded RNA virus, positive (+) sense, enveloped, and assembles in the ER and Golgi of the host cell

Viral Multiplication and Biosynthesis: Bacteriophages and Animal Viruses

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