Q: Which equation correctly calculates the total biomass of bacteriophages if there are $$10^{30}$$ particles, each weighing $$10^{-15}$$ grams?

$$10^{30}$$ \times $$10^{-15}$$ = $$10^{15}$$ grams

Question 1

Which structural component of a virus is primarily responsible for determining host cell specificity?

Accepted Answer

Envelope glycoproteins (spikes)

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new virus with a segmented, single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome and an envelope. Which family does this virus most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Orthomyxoviridae

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the lytic replication cycle of a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

Attachment, entry, synthesis, assembly, release

Question 4

Which equation correctly calculates the total biomass of bacteriophages if there are $$10^{30}$$ particles, each weighing $$10^{-15}$$ grams?

Accepted Answer

$$10^{30}$$ 	imes $$10^{-15}$$ = $$10^{15}$$ grams

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by viral infection?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial chromosome degradation

Question 6

A patient is treated with acyclovir for a viral infection. Which viral enzyme is necessary for acyclovir activation?

Accepted Answer

Thymidine kinase

Question 7

Which of the following statements about prions is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Prions are infectious proteins that cause neurodegenerative diseases

Question 8

Which process allows enveloped animal viruses to exit the host cell without lysing it?

Accepted Answer

Budding

Question 9

Which viral structure is composed of repeated protein subunits and surrounds the genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Capsid

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why viruses are considered obligate intracellular parasites?

Accepted Answer

They require host cell machinery for replication

Question 11

Which antiviral drug inhibits the neuraminidase glycoprotein of influenza virus, preventing viral exit from infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

Question 12

Which of the following viruses is most likely to cause lifelong infection in humans?

Accepted Answer

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct taxonomic naming convention for viruses?

Accepted Answer

Family: -viridae; Genus: -virus

Question 14

Which step is unique to the lysogenic replication cycle of bacteriophages compared to the lytic cycle?

Accepted Answer

Integration of viral genome into host chromosome

Question 15

Which host cell response is triggered by type I interferons during viral infection?

Accepted Answer

Production of antiviral proteins

Question 16

A virus infects only respiratory epithelial cells in humans. This specificity is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Tissue tropism

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of viral infection that contributes to cancer formation?

Accepted Answer

Transformation of host cells

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the genome composition of viruses?

Accepted Answer

DNA or RNA, single- or double-stranded, linear, segmented, or circular

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a virion?

Accepted Answer

An individual virus particle outside of a cell

Question 20

Which of the following is a common method for diagnosing influenza virus infection?

Accepted Answer

ELISA or PCR

Viral Structure, Classification, Replication, Pathogenesis, and Antiviral Strategies

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