Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of proto-oncogenes in normal cells?

Accepted Answer

They encode proteins that stimulate normal cell growth.

Question 2

A patient develops cervical cancer years after a viral infection. Which virus is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 3

Which of the following statements about oncogenic viruses is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Oncogenic viruses can integrate their genetic material into the host cell's DNA and induce tumors.

Question 4

Which of the following is a DNA oncogenic virus associated with Burkitt's lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

Epstein-Barr virus

Question 5

A scientist is studying a virus that causes persistent infection, gradually worsening over years and leading to fatal brain disease. Which virus is most likely being studied?

Accepted Answer

Measles virus (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis)

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why cancers caused by viruses are not considered contagious?

Accepted Answer

Viral transformation of host cells is a rare event and requires specific genetic changes.

Question 7

Which of the following is a proteinaceous infectious particle that can cause neurodegenerative disease?

Accepted Answer

Prion

Question 8

A patient presents with cold sores that recur during periods of stress. Which type of viral infection does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Latent viral infection

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which prions cause disease?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of normal host glycoprotein $$\mathrm{PrP^C}$$ into an infectious misfolded form $$\mathrm{$$PrP^{Sc}$$}$$

Question 10

Which of the following viruses is associated with adult T cell leukemia and uses reverse transcriptase to integrate into the host genome?

Accepted Answer

HTLV-1

Question 11

A tumor cell is found to express a unique transplantation antigen on its surface. What is this antigen called?

Accepted Answer

Tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA)

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world example of a prion disease that can be transmitted by contaminated surgical instruments?

Accepted Answer

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between latent and persistent viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Latent infections remain asymptomatic and can reactivate, while persistent infections progress gradually and are generally fatal.

Question 14

Which of the following viruses is classified as a DNA oncogenic virus and is linked to liver cancer?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis B virus

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of oncolytic viruses in cancer therapy?

Accepted Answer

They infect and kill tumor cells or stimulate an immune response against tumor cells.

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with a cancer of glandular epithelial tissue. What is the correct term for this type of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Question 17

Which of the following is a retrovirus that can cause leukemia in cats?

Accepted Answer

FeLV (feline leukemia virus)

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why prion diseases are difficult to control in medical settings?

Accepted Answer

Prions are resistant to standard sterilization procedures and can be transmitted via surgical instruments.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of transformation in the context of cancer biology?

Accepted Answer

Cells acquire distinct properties leading to cancer.

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible multi-step mechanism by which a DNA virus can lead to cancer in a human host?

Accepted Answer

The virus integrates its DNA into the host genome, activates proto-oncogenes to become oncogenes, and induces uncontrolled cell growth.

Viruses, Cancer, Latent Infections, and Prions: Microbiology Study Notes

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