Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary goal of microeconomics as introduced in this course?

Accepted Answer

To understand how individuals and firms make decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources.

Question 2

Suppose the government imposes a price ceiling on gasoline that is below the current market equilibrium price. What is the most likely immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

A shortage of gasoline, as quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied.

Question 3

If the price elasticity of demand for a product is $$|E_d| = 2$$, what does this imply about consumer responsiveness?

Accepted Answer

Demand is elastic; a 1% increase in price leads to a 2% decrease in quantity demanded.

Question 4

A local government imposes a per-unit tax on sellers of soda. Which of the following is most likely to occur in the soda market?

Accepted Answer

The supply curve shifts upward (or left), increasing the equilibrium price and decreasing the equilibrium quantity.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a negative externality?

Accepted Answer

A factory emits pollution that affects the health of nearby residents.

Question 6

A monopolist faces the following demand curve: $$P = 100 - 2Q. If $$the monopolist's marginal cost is constant at $$MC = 20$$, what is the profit-maximizing quantity?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = 20$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes price discrimination by a monopoly?

Accepted Answer

Charging different prices to different groups of consumers based on their willingness to pay.

Question 8

In an oligopoly, firms often face a situation similar to the Prisoner's Dilemma. What is the main reason for this?

Accepted Answer

Each firm's optimal decision depends on the decisions of its rivals, leading to potential conflicts between individual and collective interests.

Question 9

Suppose a consumer's utility function is $$U(x, y) = x$$^{0.5}$$y^{0.5}$$, where $$x$$ and $$y$$ are quantities of two goods. If the price of $$x is$$ $$p_x = 2$$, the price of $$y is$$ $$p_y = 4$$, and the consumer's income is $$I = 120$$, how many units of $$x$ will the consumer purchase to maximize utility?

Accepted Answer

$$x = 20$$

Question 10

Which of the following statements about behavioral economics is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral economics studies how psychological factors and cognitive biases affect economic decision-making.

Question 11

If a firm in a perfectly competitive market faces a market price of $$P = 10$$ and has a marginal cost function $$MC = 2Q$$, what is the profit-maximizing output level?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = 5$$

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why income distribution is an important topic in microeconomics?

Accepted Answer

It affects consumer demand, social welfare, and the allocation of resources.

Question 13

Suppose the cross-price elasticity of demand between two goods is positive. What does this indicate about the relationship between the two goods?

Accepted Answer

They are substitutes.

Question 14

A city government wants to reduce traffic congestion, a negative externality, by imposing a congestion tax. Which economic principle justifies this policy?

Accepted Answer

Internalizing the externality by aligning private and social costs.

Question 15

If a firm can perfectly price discriminate, what is the effect on consumer surplus and deadweight loss?

Accepted Answer

Consumer surplus is eliminated and deadweight loss is zero.

Question 16

Which of the following is most likely to shift the demand curve for electric vehicles to the right?

Accepted Answer

An increase in consumer income, assuming electric vehicles are normal goods.

Question 17

Suppose a firm in an oligopoly market is considering whether to advertise. If both firms advertise, each earns $$\5000$. If neither advertises, each earns $$\$$8000. If $$one advertises and the other does not, the advertiser earns $$\12000$ and the other earns $$\$$2000. $$What is the Nash equilibrium in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Both firms advertise.

Question 18

If the government sets a minimum wage above the equilibrium wage in a competitive labor market, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Unemployment, as the quantity of labor supplied exceeds the quantity demanded.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the concept of opportunity cost?

Accepted Answer

The value of the next best alternative foregone when making a choice.

Question 20

Suppose a firm faces the following total cost function: $$TC = 100 + 5Q + Q^2$. What is the marginal cost when Q = 10$?

Accepted Answer

$$MC = 25$$

Econ 102: Introductory Microeconomic Analysis – Course Syllabus and Structure

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