Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of photosynthesis as it relates to carbohydrate production in plants?

Accepted Answer

Plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen.

Question 2

Which monosaccharide is the most abundant carbohydrate and the preferred energy source for the human body?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the general formula for a hexose sugar?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about dietary fiber is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Dietary fiber consists mainly of nondigestible polysaccharides such as cellulose.

Question 5

Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 6

A patient with lactose intolerance is advised to:

Accepted Answer

Consume small amounts of dairy throughout the day and choose hard, aged cheeses.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why soluble fiber helps lower blood cholesterol levels?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber binds bile acids, preventing their reabsorption and promoting excretion.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of glycogen?

Accepted Answer

It is a highly branched polysaccharide stored in animal liver and muscle.

Question 9

A food has a glycemic index (GI) of 70 and contains 30 grams of carbohydrate per serving. What is its glycemic load (GL)? Use the formula $$GL = \frac{GI 	imes 	ext{carbohydrate (g)}}{100}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$GL = 21$$

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a health benefit of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Promotes constipation

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is unbranched, while amylopectin is highly branched.

Question 12

A person experiences dizziness, confusion, and sweating after skipping breakfast. Their blood glucose is measured at 60 mg/dL. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Fasting hypoglycemia

Question 13

Which of the following combinations forms the disaccharide lactose?

Accepted Answer

Glucose + Galactose

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the glycemic index (GI) is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

GI indicates how quickly a food raises blood glucose levels compared to pure glucose.

Question 15

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for increasing dietary fiber intake safely?

Accepted Answer

Gradually increase fiber intake and drink more fluids.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why animal products do not contain dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Animals do not synthesize cellulose or other nondigestible polysaccharides.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver to increase blood glucose.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct recommendation for daily fiber intake according to the DRI?

Accepted Answer

14 grams per 1,000 kilocalories consumed

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of functional fiber?

Accepted Answer

It is extracted or manufactured fiber shown to have health benefits.

Question 20

Which of the following is a likely consequence of a diet very high in fiber without adequate fluid intake?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of constipation and mineral deficiencies

Chapter 4: Carbohydrates: Structure, Function, and Health Implications

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