Q: A food contains 10 grams of carbohydrate, 2 grams of fat, and 3 grams of protein. Calculate the total energy content of this food in kilocalories ($$kcal). $$Use the following values: $$4\ kcal/g$$ for carbohydrates and proteins, $$9\ kcal/g$$ for fats.

$$10 \times 4 + 2 \times 9 + 3 \times 4 = 40 + 18 + 12 = 70\ kcal$$

Q: A slice of bread contains 15 grams of carbohydrate, 1 gram of fat, and 3 grams of protein. Calculate the percentage of energy from carbohydrates. (Use $$4\ kcal/g$$ for carbohydrates and proteins, $$9\ kcal/g$$ for fat.)

$$\frac{15 \times 4}{81} \times 100 = 74.1\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary focus of nutrition as a scientific discipline?

Accepted Answer

The study of how food nourishes our bodies and influences our health.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the six classes of essential nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Phytochemicals

Question 3

A food contains 10 grams of carbohydrate, 2 grams of fat, and 3 grams of protein. Calculate the total energy content of this food in kilocalories ($$kcal). $$Use the following values: $$4\ kcal/g$$ for carbohydrates and proteins, $$9\ kcal/g$$ for fats.

Accepted Answer

$$10 	imes 4 + 2 	imes 9 + 3 	imes 4 = 40 + 18 + 12 = 70\ kcal$$

Question 4

Which statement best explains why fats provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates or proteins?

Accepted Answer

Fats have a higher proportion of carbon-hydrogen bonds, which release more energy when metabolized.

Question 5

Which of the following is a micronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 6

Which of the following statements about water is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water is an inorganic macronutrient that does not provide energy but is essential for survival.

Question 7

A researcher wants to test whether a new dietary supplement reduces cholesterol levels. She randomly assigns participants to receive either the supplement or a placebo, and neither the participants nor the researchers know who receives which treatment. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Double-blind randomized controlled trial

Question 8

Which of the following is a key difference between vitamins and minerals?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins are organic molecules, while minerals are inorganic elements.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a chronic disease strongly associated with poor nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Question 10

Which Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) value is defined as the highest average daily intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects?

Accepted Answer

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Question 11

A slice of bread contains 15 grams of carbohydrate, 1 gram of fat, and 3 grams of protein. Calculate the percentage of energy from carbohydrates. (Use $$4\ kcal/g$$ for carbohydrates and proteins, $$9\ kcal/g$$ for fat.)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{15 	imes 4}{81} 	imes 100 = 74.1\%$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a trustworthy source of nutrition information?

Accepted Answer

Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)?

Accepted Answer

The recommended range of carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake expressed as a percentage of total energy.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a functional food?

Accepted Answer

Yogurt containing probiotics

Question 15

Which of the following is a potential source of bias in nutrition research?

Accepted Answer

Selection bias

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between prevalence and incidence in epidemiological studies?

Accepted Answer

Prevalence is the percentage of a population with a disease at a given time; incidence is the rate of new cases over a period of time.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamins?

Accepted Answer

They are organic molecules that help regulate body functions.

Question 18

Which of the following is a key goal of Healthy People 2030?

Accepted Answer

Eliminate health disparities and achieve health equity.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a case-control study?

Accepted Answer

Comparing individuals with osteoporosis to similar individuals without the disease to identify dietary differences.

Question 20

Which of the following is the best way to evaluate the credibility of a nutrition-related website?

Accepted Answer

Check if the site is sponsored by a government or educational institution and if the information is consistent with other credible sources.

Chapter 1: The Science of Nutrition – Linking Food and Health

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