Q: Calculate the total kilocalories in a food containing 10 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of fat, and 2 grams of protein. Use the following energy values: $$4 \text{ kcal/g}$$ for carbohydrate, $$9 \text{ kcal/g}$$ for fat, and $$4 \text{ kcal/g}$$ for protein.

$$10 \times 4 + 5 \times 9 + 2 \times 4 = 40 + 45 + 8 = 93$$ kcal

Q: A food label states that a serving contains 15 grams of carbohydrate, 1 gram of fat, and 3 grams of protein. Calculate the percentage of total energy that comes from carbohydrates. (Use $$4 \text{ kcal/g}$$ for carbohydrate and protein, $$9 \text{ kcal/g}$$ for fat.)

$$\frac{15 \times 4}{81} \times 100 \approx 74\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary focus of nutrition as a scientific discipline?

Accepted Answer

The study of food, including how it nourishes our bodies and influences our health.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the six classes of essential nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Fiber

Question 3

A nutrient is considered 'organic' if it contains which elements?

Accepted Answer

Carbon and hydrogen

Question 4

Which of the following statements about macronutrients is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are broken down into individual amino acids before being absorbed by the body.

Question 5

Calculate the total kilocalories in a food containing 10 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of fat, and 2 grams of protein. Use the following energy values: $$4 	ext{ kcal/g}$$ for carbohydrate, $$9 	ext{ kcal/g}$$ for fat, and $$4 	ext{ kcal/g}$$ for protein.

Accepted Answer

$$10 	imes 4 + 5 	imes 9 + 2 	imes 4 = 40 + 45 + 8 = 93$$ kcal

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Building and repairing tissues

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between vitamins and minerals?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins are organic molecules, while minerals are chemical elements.

Question 8

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 9

A researcher wants to test whether a new dietary supplement reduces cholesterol levels. She randomly assigns participants to receive either the supplement or a placebo, and neither the participants nor the researchers know who receives which treatment. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Double-blind randomized controlled trial

Question 10

Which of the following is a key goal of Healthy People 2030?

Accepted Answer

Eliminate health disparities and achieve health equity.

Question 11

Which Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) value is defined as the highest average daily intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals?

Accepted Answer

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Question 12

A food label states that a serving contains 15 grams of carbohydrate, 1 gram of fat, and 3 grams of protein. Calculate the percentage of total energy that comes from carbohydrates. (Use $$4 	ext{ kcal/g}$$ for carbohydrate and protein, $$9 	ext{ kcal/g}$$ for fat.)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{15 	imes 4}{81} 	imes 100 \approx 74\%$$

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a micronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a systematic review?

Accepted Answer

A synthesis of findings from multiple quality studies on a research topic.

Question 15

Which of the following is a sign of a trustworthy nutrition information source?

Accepted Answer

The information is consistent with other credible sources and is provided by a registered dietitian nutritionist.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a conflict of interest in nutrition research?

Accepted Answer

A researcher stands to benefit financially from positive results of their study.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)?

Accepted Answer

The recommended range of carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake expressed as a percentage of total energy.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of how nutrition can prevent disease?

Accepted Answer

Consuming adequate vitamin C to prevent scurvy.

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of an epidemiological study?

Accepted Answer

It examines patterns and factors associated with health and disease in populations.

Chapter 1: The Science of Nutrition – Foundations, Nutrients, and Research Methods

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