Q: A food contains 10 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of protein, and 2 grams of fat. Using the Atwater factors, calculate the total energy content of the food in kilocalories ($$kcal). $$Use the following values: carbohydrate = $$4\ kcal/g$$, protein = $$4\ kcal/g$$, fat = $$9\ kcal/g.$$

$$10 \times 4 + 5 \times 4 + 2 \times 9 = 40 + 20 + 18 = 78\ kcal$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a conditionally essential nutrient?

Accepted Answer

A nutrient that is normally non-essential but must be supplied by the diet in certain circumstances, such as illness or stress.

Question 2

A food contains 10 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of protein, and 2 grams of fat. Using the Atwater factors, calculate the total energy content of the food in kilocalories ($$kcal). $$Use the following values: carbohydrate = $$4\ kcal/g$$, protein = $$4\ kcal/g$$, fat = $$9\ kcal/g.$$

Accepted Answer

$$10 	imes 4 + 5 	imes 4 + 2 	imes 9 = 40 + 20 + 18 = 78\ kcal$$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the five characteristics of a healthy diet?

Accepted Answer

Monotony

Question 4

A researcher wants to study the effect of a new dietary supplement on cholesterol levels. She randomly assigns participants to receive either the supplement or a placebo and measures their cholesterol after 12 weeks. Which research design is she using?

Accepted Answer

Randomized controlled trial

Question 5

Which statement about Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

The Adequate Intake (AI) is used when there is insufficient evidence to establish an RDA.

Question 6

Which of the following foods is most likely to be classified as a functional food?

Accepted Answer

Whole grain bread enriched with plant sterols to help lower cholesterol

Question 7

A patient presents with symptoms of diarrhea, gas, and bloating after consuming dairy products, but tests negative for an immune response to milk proteins. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Lactose intolerance

Question 8

Which of the following statements about glycemic index (GI) is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

High GI foods can cause a rapid spike in blood glucose levels.

Question 9

Which of the following is a strategy to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease according to current nutrition guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Replace saturated fats with unsaturated fats

Question 10

Which of the following fish is most likely to be heavily contaminated with mercury and should be limited in the diet?

Accepted Answer

Shark

Question 11

A vegetarian is concerned about getting enough complete protein. Which dietary strategy would best help them meet their needs?

Accepted Answer

Practicing mutual supplementation by combining legumes and grains

Question 12

Which of the following is a valid reason for taking a vitamin supplement?

Accepted Answer

To treat a diagnosed deficiency

Question 13

Which of the following minerals is a major component of bone and is most associated with the prevention of osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 14

Calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) for an individual who weighs 70 kg and is 1.75 m tall. Use the formula $$BMI = \frac{weight\ (kg)}{$$height^2$$\ (m^2$)}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$BMI = \frac{70}{(1.75)^2$} = \frac{70}{3.0625} \approx 22.9$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a limitation of using BMI as an indicator of health?

Accepted Answer

BMI does not account for body composition, such as muscle mass.

Question 16

Which hormone is primarily responsible for signaling satiety and reducing appetite?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 17

During endurance exercise, which dietary strategy helps maintain blood glucose concentrations?

Accepted Answer

Consuming carbohydrate-rich foods or drinks during activity

Question 18

Which of the following is a potential negative effect of following a very low-carbohydrate diet?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of ketosis and nutrient deficiencies

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of electrolytes in the body?

Accepted Answer

They help regulate fluid balance and nerve transmission.

Question 20

A 22-year-old female athlete is experiencing irregular eating patterns, intense fear of gaining weight, and a significantly low body weight. Which eating disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa

Comprehensive Study Guide: Foundations of Nutrition (HNSC 1210)

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