Q: Which macronutrient provides the highest number of calories per gram, and what is its caloric value?

Fat; $$9 \ \text{calories/gram}$$

Q: A food label states that a serving contains 10g of fat, 5g of protein, and 20g of carbohydrate. Calculate the total calories per serving using the Atwater factors.

$$10 \times 9 + 5 \times 4 + 20 \times 4 = 90 + 20 + 80 = 190 \ \text{calories}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best distinguishes a Registered Dietitian (RD) from a nutritionist in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A Registered Dietitian must complete accredited coursework, a supervised internship, and pass a national exam, while the title 'nutritionist' is not legally regulated in most states.

Question 2

Which macronutrient provides the highest number of calories per gram, and what is its caloric value?

Accepted Answer

Fat; $$9 \ 	ext{calories/gram}$$

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a micronutrient, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C; supports immune function

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between nutrient density and calorie density?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient dense foods provide more vitamins and minerals per calorie, while calorie dense foods provide more calories with fewer nutrients.

Question 5

A food label states that a serving contains 10g of fat, 5g of protein, and 20g of carbohydrate. Calculate the total calories per serving using the Atwater factors.

Accepted Answer

$$10 	imes 9 + 5 	imes 4 + 20 	imes 4 = 90 + 20 + 80 = 190 \ 	ext{calories}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin, and what is a key characteristic of water-soluble vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C; excess amounts are excreted in urine

Question 7

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which of the following is NOT one of the recommended food pattern food groups?

Accepted Answer

Processed meats

Question 8

A patient reports feeling full after a meal, but becomes hungry again within two hours. Which physiological process is most likely responsible for the return of hunger?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood glucose levels stimulating the hypothalamus

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates for adults?

Accepted Answer

$$45\% to$$ $$65\% of $$total daily calories

Question 10

A nutrition label lists the following: Total Fat 8g, Saturated Fat 2g, Trans Fat 0g, Cholesterol 0mg. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the fat content?

Accepted Answer

There are 6g of unsaturated fat in the product.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct order of body system organization from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism

Question 12

Which digestive enzyme is correctly matched with its substrate and site of action?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin; proteins; stomach

Question 13

A person with celiac disease must avoid foods containing which of the following proteins, and what is the physiological consequence of consuming it?

Accepted Answer

Gluten; causes immune-mediated damage to the small intestine villi

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between a food intolerance and a food allergy?

Accepted Answer

A food allergy involves an immune response, while a food intolerance typically involves enzyme deficiency or non-immune mechanisms.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion?

Accepted Answer

Chewing food with the teeth

Question 16

A 25-year-old woman has an Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) of $$2,000 \ 	ext{calories/day}. If $$her diet consists of $$60\%$$ carbohydrates, $$20\%$$ protein, and $$20\%$$ fat, how many grams of fat does she consume per day?

Accepted Answer

$$2,000 	imes 0.20 = 400 \ 	ext{calories from fat}; \ 400 \div 9 = 44.4 \ 	ext{grams}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive system, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas; secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

Accepted Answer

The RDA is the average daily intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all ($$97-98\%) $$healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of satiety?

Accepted Answer

Feeling satisfied and not wanting to eat for several hours after a balanced meal

Question 20

Which of the following minerals is classified as a major mineral, and what is one of its primary functions?

Accepted Answer

Calcium; supports bone structure and function

Exam 1 Study Guide: Foundations of Nutrition and Digestion

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