Q: A nutrition label states that a food contains 10g of fat, 20g of carbohydrates, and 5g of protein per serving. What is the total caloric content per serving? Use the following caloric values: $$4 \text{ kcal/g}$$ for carbohydrates and proteins, $$9 \text{ kcal/g}$$ for fats.

$$(10 \times 9) + (20 \times 4) + (5 \times 4) = 90 + 80 + 20 = 190 \text{ kcal}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients in human nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Macronutrients are required in larger amounts and include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and water, while micronutrients are needed in smaller amounts and include vitamins and minerals.

Question 2

A nutrition label states that a food contains 10g of fat, 20g of carbohydrates, and 5g of protein per serving. What is the total caloric content per serving? Use the following caloric values: $$4 	ext{ kcal/g}$$ for carbohydrates and proteins, $$9 	ext{ kcal/g}$$ for fats.

Accepted Answer

$$(10 	imes 9) + (20 	imes 4) + (5 	imes 4) = 90 + 80 + 20 = 190 	ext{ kcal}$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about water as a nutrient is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water is an inorganic nutrient that helps regulate metabolism but does not provide energy.

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with a BMI of 32. According to the study materials, how would this individual be classified?

Accepted Answer

Obese

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct order of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through which food passes?

Accepted Answer

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for the initial breakdown of carbohydrates in the digestive process, and where is it produced?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase, produced by the salivary glands

Question 7

A person consumes a meal high in fat. Which accessory organ produces a substance that emulsifies fat, and what is the name of this substance?

Accepted Answer

Liver; bile

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of active transport in nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

Nutrients move from low to high concentration, requiring both energy and a carrier protein.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine (colon) in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Re-absorption of water

Question 10

A student is learning about the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates chemical digestion?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase breaking down starches into sugars in the mouth

Question 11

Which of the following statements about bile is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bile is produced by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and emulsifies fats in the small intestine.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

Accepted Answer

Producing insulin

Question 13

A person is unable to digest fats properly due to a lack of bile. Which organ is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why a well-balanced diet is generally preferred over supplements for obtaining nutrients?

Accepted Answer

A well-balanced diet includes a variety of nutrients, phytochemicals, and fiber that are not all present in supplements.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct match between an enzyme and its substrate?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic lipase – fats

Question 16

A nutritionist is explaining the difference between passive diffusion and facilitated diffusion. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires a carrier protein, while passive diffusion does not.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the storage of excess nutrients in the body?

Accepted Answer

Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles; excess glycogen is converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue.

Question 18

A patient has difficulty absorbing fat-soluble vitamins. Which transport system is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic system

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions involved in breaking down food.

Question 20

A person is experiencing heartburn due to a malfunctioning sphincter. Which sphincter is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Foundations of Nutrition: Essential Nutrients and Digestion

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