Question 1

Which of the following best describes an essential nutrient?

Accepted Answer

A nutrient that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot make it or cannot make enough of it.

Question 2

Which of the following is a current health problem in the US with a strong dietary connection?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 Diabetes

Question 3

A researcher wants to test the effect of a new dietary supplement on cholesterol levels. Neither the participants nor the researchers know who receives the supplement or placebo. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Double-blind study

Question 4

Which of the following nutrients provides energy?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 5

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2025-2030, which of the following is recommended for a healthy eating pattern?

Accepted Answer

Limit intake of added sugars to less than 10% of daily calories.

Question 6

Which organ is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 7

Peristalsis is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The rhythmic contraction of muscles to move food through the digestive tract.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

Serving as the primary energy source for the brain

Question 9

A patient with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes is at risk for which metabolic condition due to lack of insulin?

Accepted Answer

Ketosis

Question 10

Which of the following is a recommended daily intake for dietary fiber for adults?

Accepted Answer

25-38 grams

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone

Question 12

Which type of fat is most likely to be solid at room temperature and increase LDL cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fat

Question 13

Which lipoprotein is known as 'good cholesterol' due to its role in transporting cholesterol from tissues to the liver?

Accepted Answer

HDL

Question 14

A 45-year-old patient has a diet high in saturated fat and low in fiber. Which of the following is the most likely long-term health risk?

Accepted Answer

Heart disease

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of omega-3 fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

They are polyunsaturated fats found in fish oils and flaxseed.

Question 16

A person consumes 300 grams of carbohydrates in a day. If each gram of carbohydrate provides 4 kcal, how many kilocalories did they consume from carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$300 	imes 4 = 1200$$ kcal

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of sphincters in the gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the passage of food between different sections of the GI tract.

Question 18

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Obesity and physical inactivity

Question 19

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are a major component of cell membranes.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. Which digestive process is impaired?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of disaccharides into monosaccharides

NTR 108 Exam 1 Study Guide: Principles of Nutrition, Gastrointestinal Tract, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

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