$$\text{Weight (kg)} = \frac{\text{Weight (lb)}}{2.2}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence and length of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 2

A patient with phenylketonuria (PKU) cannot convert phenylalanine into which amino acid, making it conditionally essential?

Accepted Answer

Tyrosine

Question 3

Which process describes the removal of the amino group from an amino acid, resulting in the production of ammonia and a keto acid?

Accepted Answer

Deamination

Question 4

A vegetarian consumes only legumes as a protein source. Which essential amino acids are likely to be limiting in their diet?

Accepted Answer

Methionine and tryptophan

Question 5

Calculate the recommended daily protein intake for an adult weighing 70 kg, using the RDA of 1.2 g/kg/day. Provide your answer in grams.

Accepted Answer

$$70 	imes 1.2 = 84$$ grams

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of albumin in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining fluid balance by preventing edema

Question 7

What is the main reason why proteins must be denatured during digestion in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

To expose peptide bonds for enzymatic hydrolysis

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why combining grains and legumes in a meal (such as rice and beans) provides a high-quality protein?

Accepted Answer

Each provides the essential amino acids the other lacks, resulting in a complete amino acid profile.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about protein turnover is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins in the body are constantly being synthesized and degraded, maintaining an amino acid pool.

Question 10

A patient with severe burns is found to be in negative nitrogen balance. What does this indicate about their protein metabolism?

Accepted Answer

More protein is being broken down than synthesized.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 12

Which hormone is a protein that regulates blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 13

What is the main risk associated with excessive intake of amino acid supplements?

Accepted Answer

Kidney stress due to increased urea production

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of transamination?

Accepted Answer

The transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a keto acid to form a new amino acid

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of high-quality (complete) proteins?

Accepted Answer

They contain all essential amino acids in adequate amounts.

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly converts a person's weight from pounds to kilograms for protein RDA calculations?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Weight (kg)} = \frac{	ext{Weight (lb)}}{2.2}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a likely consequence of protein deficiency in children?

Accepted Answer

Impaired brain and kidney function

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why proteins can act as buffers in the body?

Accepted Answer

Their negative charges attract hydrogen ions, helping to regulate pH.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about protein digestion is correct?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin in the stomach breaks proteins into polypeptides, and proteases in the small intestine further digest them into amino acids.

Proteins: Structure, Digestion, Metabolism, and Health in Human Nutrition

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