Question 1

Which of the following minerals is primarily found in the intracellular fluid and plays a key role in maintaining cell membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness and irregular heartbeat. Blood tests reveal low serum magnesium. Which food would be most effective in correcting this deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Spinach

Question 3

Which vitamin acts as an antioxidant and is found in high concentrations in nuts and seeds?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin E

Question 4

A deficiency in which mineral is most likely to result in goiter due to its role in thyroid hormone synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 5

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between vitamin D and calcium?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D enhances intestinal absorption of calcium.

Question 6

Which of the following is a pro-vitamin that can be converted into vitamin A in the body?

Accepted Answer

Beta-carotene

Question 7

A person with a diet high in processed foods is most likely to have elevated intake of which electrolyte, increasing their risk for hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulates body temperature through sweating

Question 9

Which process is responsible for bone resorption, breaking down bone tissue and releasing minerals into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast activity

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. Which food would provide the most bioavailable iron?

Accepted Answer

Beef steak (heme iron)

Question 11

Which equation best describes the movement of water across a cell membrane in response to electrolyte concentration?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from areas of low solute concentration to high solute concentration by osmosis: $$ J = -P (C_1$ - C_2$) $$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of antioxidants in the body?

Accepted Answer

Increasing free radical production

Question 13

Which vitamin deficiency is most likely to cause neural tube defects in newborns?

Accepted Answer

Folate

Question 14

Which of the following factors would decrease the percentage of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Higher fat mass

Question 15

Which of the following is a rich food source of phosphorus?

Accepted Answer

Whole milk

Question 16

Which of the following is a plausible mechanism by which vitamin C deficiency can occur?

Accepted Answer

Smoking, which increases vitamin C requirements

Question 17

Which of the following would best help maintain normal blood pressure through diet?

Accepted Answer

Increasing potassium intake

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible risk factor for increased free radical formation in the body?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to cigarette smoke

Question 19

Which of the following statements about energy drinks is correct?

Accepted Answer

They often contain high levels of caffeine and sugar, which can lead to dehydration.

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of hypercalcemia?

Accepted Answer

Kidney stones and impaired kidney function

Water, Minerals, Electrolytes, and Antioxidants: Exam 3 Study Guide

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