33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

How many calories per $g$ does a carbohydrate contain?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the catabolism of ${\mathrm{glucose}}_1$ during glycolysis?

In the catabolism of carbohydrates during glycolysis, all carbohydrates are ultimately broken down into what molecule for energy production?

In the catabolism of $C_6{H}_{12}{O}_6$ during glycolysis, where is most of the water produced?

During the catabolism of glucose in glycolysis, at which stage is $C_{\mathrm{O}}2$ produced?

Almost all molecules that are catabolized for energy are converted into which of the following during $\mathrm{glycolysis}$?

Which substance is broken down during the process of glycolysis?

Which of the following is necessary for the complete breakdown of $C_6{H}_{12}{O}_6$ during glycolysis?

What is the role of $\mathrm{glucose}$ in catabolite repression during $\mathrm{glycolysis}$?

Identify which carbon atoms of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate become carbonyl groups in dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate when it undergoes a retro aldol reaction in step 4 of glycolysis.

How many $\mathrm{ATP}$ molecules are used and produced per molecule of glucose during glycolysis?

Which one of the following compound pairs is produced by cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?

How many calories per $g$ do carbohydrates provide?

Classify each one of the following reactions as phosphorylation (P), isomerization (I), or neither (N).

a) ____ Conversion of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate.

b) ____ Conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into fructose-6-phosphate.

c) ____ Conversion of DHAP into G3P.

d) ____ Cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into DHAP and G3P.

Identify the mechanism for each of the following reactions as NAS, E1cB, or S_N2.

a) ____ Dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate to produce phosphoenolpyruvate.

b) ____ Conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate into 3-phosphoglycerate.

c) ____ Conversion of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate.

d) ____ Conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate into 2-phosphoglycerate.