Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is a general term for two or more atoms bonded together, while a compound is a molecule that contains two or more different kinds of atoms.

Question 2

Which element is the most abundant in the human body by mass, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen; it is required for the production of cellular energy (ATP).

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a colloid as found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A heterogeneous mixture with large solute particles that do not settle out and can scatter light, such as cytosol.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

The joining of amino acids to form a protein molecule.

Question 5

What is the main difference between a solution and a suspension in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Suspensions contain large, visible solute particles that settle out, while solutions contain tiny solute particles that do not settle out.

Question 6

Which property of water is most important for maintaining a stable internal temperature in the human body?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 7

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids release hydrogen ions (H+) in solution, while bases release hydroxyl ions (OH-).

Question 8

A buffer system in the body helps maintain pH homeostasis by:

Accepted Answer

Releasing hydrogen ions when pH rises and binding hydrogen ions when pH drops.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of triglycerides in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalysis of chemical reactions

Question 10

Which structural feature distinguishes phospholipids from triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids contain a phosphorus-containing group and only two fatty acids.

Question 11

Which of the following is a major function of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

Ready, easily used source of cellular fuel

Question 12

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is a major component of cell plasma membranes.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of ATP?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the primary energy-transferring molecule in cells.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH above 7 is alkaline.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic compound essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 18

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being chemically changed.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a hydrolysis reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of sucrose into glucose and fructose by adding a water molecule.

Question 20

Which of the following is a major function of eicosanoids in the body?

Accepted Answer

Control of blood pressure and inflammation

Basic Principles of Chemistry for Organic and Biological Systems

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