Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes an element?

Accepted Answer

An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct chemical symbol for silver, and what is its origin?

Accepted Answer

Ag, from argentum

Question 3

A student writes the symbol 'CO' for cobalt. What is the error in this notation?

Accepted Answer

The symbol should be 'Co' because the second letter is not capitalized.

Question 4

Which group on the periodic table contains the halogens?

Accepted Answer

Group 7A (17)

Question 5

Which of the following elements is a metalloid?

Accepted Answer

Silicon (Si)

Question 6

Which property is NOT characteristic of metals?

Accepted Answer

Low melting point

Question 7

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of the human body mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Question 8

According to Dalton’s Atomic Theory, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of an element are similar to each other but different from those of other elements.

Question 9

Which experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus in the atom?

Accepted Answer

Rutherford’s gold foil experiment

Question 10

How many neutrons are present in an atom of $$^{207}_{82}\mathrm{Pb}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$207 - 82 = 125$$ neutrons

Question 11

Which of the following pairs are isotopes of the same element?

Accepted Answer

$$^{12}_{6}\mathrm{C}$$ and $$^{14}_{6}\mathrm{C}$$

Question 12

The atomic mass of chlorine is 35.45 amu. If chlorine has two naturally occurring isotopes, $$^{35}\mathrm{Cl}$$ and $$^{37}\mathrm{Cl}$$, which isotope is more abundant?

Accepted Answer

$$^{35}\mathrm{Cl}$$

Question 13

Which of the following electron arrangements is correct for sodium (Na)?

Accepted Answer

$$2, 8, 1$$

Question 14

Which element has the highest ionization energy among the following?

Accepted Answer

Fluorine (F)

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why atomic size increases down a group in the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

The number of energy levels increases, placing valence electrons farther from the nucleus.

Question 16

Which of the following elements is most likely to lose electrons easily and exhibit metallic character?

Accepted Answer

Sodium (Na)

Question 17

A neutral atom of calcium has an atomic number of 20 and a mass number of 40. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

20 protons, 20 neutrons, 20 electrons

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the energy change when an electron moves from a higher to a lower energy level?

Accepted Answer

Energy is emitted.

Question 19

Which Lewis symbol correctly represents the valence electrons for nitrogen (N)?

Accepted Answer

N with five dots around it

Elements, Atomic Structure, and Periodic Properties: Foundations for Organic Chemistry

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