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Organic Chemistry: Conformations, Stereochemistry, and Radical Reactions – Study Guide

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Conformations

  • Understanding what a conformer is.
    03:29

Newman Projections – Conformational Energy

  • How to draw a Newman Projection Energy Diagram.
    07:27
  • How sigma bond rotation is visualized
    03:11
  • The energy states of 3 different Newman Projections.
    03:51

Chair Flip

  • The 3 important factors when drawing chairs
    05:12

Cyclohexane – Chairs and Positions

  • What is a chair conformation?
    01:05
  • How chairs flip from one conformation to another
    02:22
  • How chairs flip from one conformation to another
    04:26

Equatorial Preference

  • Equatorial Preference
    04:02
  • Draw the following chair in the most stable conformation.
    03:17

A-Values

  • Calculating Chair Equilibrium
    06:27

Radical Initiators

  • What are Radical Initiators?
    03:49
  • Heterolytic vs. Homolytic Bond Cleavage .
    04:39

Radical Stability

  • The radical stability trend.
    03:43
  • Determine which of the following radicals is the most stable.
    03:25

Radical Chain Reaction

  • The one reaction that alkanes will actually undergo.
    02:05
  • Explaining the following problem.
    00:34
  • Show the entire chain reaction mechanism.
    04:08

Radical Selectivity

  • Predict the Product.
    00:48
  • Predict the Product.
    01:02
  • Using the Hammond Postulate to describe radical chlorination.
    03:03

Types of Isomers

  • Determining when molecules are conformers.
    01:39
  • Determining when molecules are different.
    03:51
  • Determining when molecules are constitutional isomers.
    01:33

Chirality

  • Drawing Mirror Images and Determining Chirality
    03:24
  • What is chirality?
    05:10
  • Drawing Mirror Images and Determining Chirality
    03:44

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Nomenclature

  • R and S Naming- Step 4
    03:07
  • Why stereoisomers need their own naming system.
    01:48
  • Determining Priorities
    01:19

Types of Stereoisomers

  • Determine total number of stereoisomers
    00:49
  • How to predict the total number of stereoisomers.
    01:03
  • Draw stereoisomers and determine relationship
    07:41

Chirality Test 1 - Internal Line of Symmetry

  • Determining Chirality with Plane of Symmetry
    00:25
  • Determining Chirality with Plane of Symmetry
    01:10
  • How and when to use the internal line of symmetry test.
    01:25

Chirality Test 2 - Stereocenters

  • Determining Chirality using Stereocenter
    02:25
  • Determining Chirality using Stereocenter
    00:36
  • The difference between chiral and trigonal centers.
    02:38

Chirality Test 3 - Disubstituted Cycloalkanes Shortcuts

  • Is the following disubstituted cyclobutane chiral?
    00:35
  • Three types of disubstituted cycloalkanes
    03:52
  • Is the following disubstituted cyclopropane chiral?
    00:22

Introduction to Substitution

  • Predict the product
    05:55
  • Nucleophiles and Electrophiles can react in Bronsted-Lowry Reactions.
    05:01
  • Nucleophiles and Electrophiles can react in Substitution Reactions.
    01:47

The SN2 Mechanism

  • Ranking reactivity toward SN2
    04:03
  • Drawing the SN2 Mechanism
    08:33
  • Understanding the properties of SN2.
    11:57

SN1 Mechanism

  • Drawing the SN1 Mechanism
    10:49
  • Why highly substituted leaving groups favor SN1.
    01:13
  • Understanding the properties of SN1.
    08:16

Leaving Groups

  • Predict the best leaving group
    00:50
  • Predict the best leaving group
    01:12
  • Predict the best leaving group
    00:36

Leaving Groups

  • The 3 important leaving groups to know.
    07:22

Nucleophiles and Basicity

  • Understanding the difference between basicity and nucleophilicity.
    06:21

Carbocation Intermediates – Stability

  • Determining Carbocation Stability
    05:58
  • Predicting the most stable carbocation
    01:21

Carbocation Intermediate – Rearrangements

  • Alkyl Shift
    03:43
  • Understanding why carbocations shift.
    00:47
  • Hydride Shift
    03:34

Substitution Comparison

  • How do we predict if the mechanism is SN1 or SN2?
    03:32