$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{mRNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is a primary reason scientists use genetic engineering to edit DNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

To selectively remove genes that cause genetic diseases such as high cholesterol or some cancers.

Question 2

What is one ethical restriction currently placed on the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology?

Accepted Answer

No manipulation of reproductive cells that cause heritable changes is allowed.

Question 3

Which process is used to 'turn off' genes in immune system research?

Accepted Answer

mRNA decay

Question 4

Why is mRNA decay effective in preventing gene expression?

Accepted Answer

It destroys messenger RNA, preventing the DNA message from being expressed.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes an autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

A condition where the immune system attacks the body's own healthy tissues.

Question 6

How can genetic engineering be used to treat cancer according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

By reprogramming the immune system to turn on an immune response against cancerous cells.

Question 7

Which equation best represents the process of gene expression as described in the materials?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{mRNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 8

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis is treated using mRNA decay technology. What is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

The immune system stops attacking the patient's own healthy tissues.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a permitted use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology according to current ethical guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Manipulating reproductive cells to change traits in offspring.

Question 10

Which real-world application of genetic engineering is mentioned in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Mass-producing insulin using genetic engineering technology.

Question 11

If a scientist uses mRNA decay to prevent the expression of a gene responsible for high cholesterol, what is the mechanism?

Accepted Answer

The messenger RNA carrying the gene's instructions is destroyed, so the protein is not produced.

Question 12

Which scenario best illustrates the use of genetic engineering for disease prevention?

Accepted Answer

Removing genes that cause genetic diseases before symptoms develop.

Question 13

What is the main goal of reprogramming the immune system in cancer treatment?

Accepted Answer

To activate the immune response against cancerous cells.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about genetic engineering is correct?

Accepted Answer

It can be used to mass-produce antibiotics and insulin.

Question 15

A researcher wants to use CRISPR-Cas9 to treat a patient with diabetes caused by an autoimmune response. Which approach is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Use mRNA decay to turn off the immune response attacking healthy tissues.

Question 16

Which of the following is a plausible misconception about genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

It can be used to treat genetic diseases by removing harmful genes.

Question 17

Which step is necessary for gene expression to occur, as described in the materials?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA must carry the DNA message for gene expression.

Question 18

What is the consequence of destroying messenger RNA in a cell?

Accepted Answer

The gene is not expressed, and the corresponding protein is not produced.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why germline genetic manipulation is ethically restricted?

Accepted Answer

It could cause heritable changes that affect future generations.

Question 20

A scientist is developing a therapy to reprogram the immune system to fight cancer. Which technology is most relevant?

Accepted Answer

CRISPR-Cas9

Genetic Engineering, Genome Editing, and Immune System Research in Personal Health

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