Question 1

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which HIV impairs the immune system?

Accepted Answer

HIV infects and destroys cells with the CD4 antigen, primarily helper T cells, using reverse transcriptase to integrate its genetic material into host DNA.

Question 2

A patient presents with oral thrush and a CD4 count of 180 cells/mm³. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these findings?

Accepted Answer

The patient is likely progressing to AIDS, as oral candidiasis is an opportunistic infection common at low CD4 counts.

Question 3

Which of the following is the most effective strategy for preventing HIV transmission in healthcare settings?

Accepted Answer

Treating all patients alike and using standard precautions with all high-risk body fluids.

Question 4

A nurse is educating a group of adolescents about HIV prevention. Which statement should the nurse include?

Accepted Answer

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), when taken daily and combined with other prevention methods, is over 99% effective at reducing HIV risk.

Question 5

Which diagnostic test is most appropriate for confirming a reactive HIV screening test in a patient with suspected acute infection?

Accepted Answer

HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation immunoassay, which provides results in less than 20 minutes with high sensitivity.

Question 6

A patient with HIV is started on a combination of antiretroviral drugs. What is the primary rationale for using combination therapy?

Accepted Answer

To decrease viral load and symptoms, and reduce the risk of developing drug resistance.

Question 7

Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with protease inhibitors (PIs) used in HIV treatment?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic derangements such as elevated cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin resistance.

Question 8

A nurse is caring for a pregnant woman with HIV. Which intervention is most important to reduce the risk of perinatal transmission?

Accepted Answer

Ensure the mother receives and adheres to antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy and delivery.

Question 9

Which of the following opportunistic infections is most commonly associated with AIDS and is a leading cause of death in these patients?

Accepted Answer

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP)

Question 10

A patient with HIV develops memory loss, confusion, and diminished motor speed. Which complication should the nurse suspect?

Accepted Answer

AIDS dementia complex

Question 11

Which of the following statements about HIV/AIDS in older adults is correct?

Accepted Answer

Healthcare providers may overlook HIV manifestations in older adults, attributing them to normal aging or other chronic diseases.

Question 12

A nurse is planning care for a child with HIV. Which intervention is most important to prevent secondary infections?

Accepted Answer

Immunize the child at recommended ages and limit exposure to others with infections.

Question 13

Which of the following is a key goal in the collaborative care of a patient with HIV/AIDS?

Accepted Answer

Early identification of infection and prevention of opportunistic infections.

Question 14

A patient with HIV is prescribed zidovudine (AZT). What is the primary mechanism of action of this drug?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits viral reverse transcriptase, preventing integration of viral RNA into host DNA.

Question 15

A nurse is caring for a woman with HIV who is planning to breastfeed her newborn. What is the most appropriate nursing action?

Accepted Answer

Advise against breastfeeding to prevent HIV transmission.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the rationale for delaying ART initiation in some patients?

Accepted Answer

To ensure the patient is ready to adhere to the complex medication regimen, as irregular dosing increases viral resistance.

Question 17

A patient with HIV is experiencing weight loss and recurrent diarrhea. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Potential for fluid volume deficiency

Question 18

Which of the following is a recommended vaccine for all patients with HIV to prevent opportunistic infections?

Accepted Answer

Pneumococcal vaccine

Question 19

A nurse is teaching a patient with HIV about medication adherence. Which strategy is most likely to improve adherence?

Accepted Answer

Tailoring the medication regimen to the patient's lifestyle and providing positive reinforcement.

Question 20

A 16-year-old with perinatally acquired HIV is struggling with medication adherence. Which factor is most likely contributing to this challenge?

Accepted Answer

Developmental need for autonomy and risk-taking behaviors common in adolescence.

HIV/AIDS and Immunity: Study Guide for Personal Health Students

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