Question 1

Which of the following is a controllable risk factor for infection?

Accepted Answer

Physical inactivity

Question 2

A college student wants to reduce their risk of infection. Which of the following actions would be most effective based on controllable risk factors?

Accepted Answer

Improving handwashing before eating

Question 3

Which of the following best describes an uncontrollable risk factor for infection?

Accepted Answer

Age and heredity

Question 4

A person with a chronic disease is at higher risk for infection because:

Accepted Answer

Their immune system may be weakened

Question 5

Which of the following scenarios is NOT an example of an uncontrollable risk factor for infection?

Accepted Answer

Improper handwashing before eating

Question 6

Which of the following statements about controllable risk factors for infection is correct?

Accepted Answer

Balanced nutrition helps maintain cell quantities and reduces the risk of infection.

Question 7

Which of the following is a hard-to-control risk factor for infection?

Accepted Answer

Climate

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a controllable risk factor for infection?

Accepted Answer

Chronic diseases

Question 9

A person who does not get enough sleep and is under constant stress is at increased risk for infection because:

Accepted Answer

Lack of sleep and stress can suppress immune system function

Question 10

Which of the following is correct about hard-to-control risk factors for infection?

Accepted Answer

Climate change can increase the risk of direct cross-species transmission by forcing animal migration.

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates the interaction between controllable and uncontrollable risk factors for infection?

Accepted Answer

A person with a genetic immune deficiency who practices good hand hygiene

Question 12

If a person improves their nutrition and increases their physical activity, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Their risk of infection will decrease due to a stronger immune system.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a controllable risk factor for infection that can be addressed through public health policy?

Accepted Answer

Improving access to fresh produce in food deserts

Question 14

A person living in a crowded household with poor ventilation is at increased risk for infection due to which type of risk factor?

Accepted Answer

Hard-to-control/uncontrollable risk factor

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between physical inactivity and infection risk?

Accepted Answer

Physical inactivity can increase susceptibility to infection by weakening the immune system.

Question 16

Which of the following is the best example of a multi-step approach to reducing infection risk?

Accepted Answer

Improving nutrition, increasing physical activity, and practicing good hand hygiene

Question 17

A child is more susceptible to infection than an adult primarily due to which risk factor?

Accepted Answer

Age and immature immune system

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for reducing controllable risk factors for infection?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring sleep and stress management

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why climate is considered a hard-to-control risk factor for infection?

Accepted Answer

Climate affects the prevalence and spread of infectious diseases, but is not easily modified by individuals

Question 20

If $$P_{infection}$$ represents the probability of infection, which of the following equations best represents the relationship between controllable ($$C) $$and uncontrollable ($$U) $$risk factors?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{infection} = f(C, U)$$

Infection Risk Factors: Controllable and Uncontrollable Elements

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