Q: Calculate the percentage decline in the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) from 342 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2000 to 223 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2020. Use the formula $$\text{Percentage Decline} = \frac{\text{Initial Value} - \text{Final Value}}{\text{Initial Value}} \times 100.$$

$$\frac{342 - 223}{342} \times 100 = 34.8\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following is the most common direct cause of maternal death worldwide?

Accepted Answer

Severe bleeding (mostly after childbirth)

Question 2

A 28-year-old woman develops a fever and abdominal pain two days after a prolonged labor and delivery. Which bacterial infection is most likely responsible for her symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Group A Streptococcus

Question 3

Which of the following statements about pre-eclampsia is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

It is defined as new onset hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy with proteinuria.

Question 4

Calculate the percentage decline in the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) from 342 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2000 to 223 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2020. Use the formula $$	ext{Percentage Decline} = \frac{	ext{Initial Value} - 	ext{Final Value}}{	ext{Initial Value}} 	imes 100.$$

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{342 - 223}{342} 	imes 100 = 34.8\%$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a significant social determinant that increases maternal mortality risk?

Accepted Answer

Low socioeconomic status

Question 6

A woman in labor is experiencing insufficient contractions and slow cervical dilation. Which intervention is most appropriate to stimulate labor progression?

Accepted Answer

Infusion of oxytocin

Question 7

Which of the following infections is most likely to cause congenital microcephaly if contracted during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Zika virus

Question 8

A woman with pre-eclampsia is at risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

HELLP syndrome (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets)

Question 9

Which of the following interventions has been shown to moderately reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia in women with significant risk factors?

Accepted Answer

Aspirin 75 mg daily

Question 10

A woman experiences blood loss of 1200 mL after delivery. Which of the following complications is she at greatest risk for?

Accepted Answer

Acute hypovolemia and multi-organ dysfunction

Question 11

Which of the following is a key strategy to prevent postpartum hemorrhage?

Accepted Answer

Administration of synthetic oxytocin immediately after childbirth

Question 12

A 17-year-old girl is married and becomes pregnant. Which of the following is a likely consequence of child marriage on her health?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth

Question 13

Which of the following is the best definition of maternal sepsis?

Accepted Answer

A life-threatening condition defined as organ dysfunction resulting from infection during pregnancy, childbirth, post-abortion, or postpartum period

Question 14

Which of the following is a modifiable factor that can reduce maternal mortality?

Accepted Answer

Improved access to skilled health professionals during childbirth

Question 15

A woman is diagnosed with pre-eclampsia at 32 weeks gestation. Which of the following is a primary goal of her management?

Accepted Answer

Treat life-threatening complications and plan for safe delivery

Question 16

Which of the following is a common complication of labor that may require infusion of oxytocin?

Accepted Answer

Failure to progress due to insufficient contractions

Question 17

Which of the following is a benefit of access to contraception for maternal and child health?

Accepted Answer

Reduces pregnancy-related health risks and allows for birth spacing

Question 18

A woman who had pre-eclampsia in her first pregnancy is at increased risk for which of the following in later life?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Question 19

Which of the following is a key component of postnatal care to reduce maternal deaths?

Accepted Answer

Screening for complications such as infections and postnatal depression

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the 'three P’s' of labor?

Accepted Answer

Passage, Passenger, Power

Maternal Health and Complications of Pregnancy: Study Guide for Personal Health Students

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