Question 1

Which of the following best describes the term 'homeostasis' in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Question 2

A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.28. Which condition does this indicate, and which organ system is primarily responsible for correcting this imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis; the urinary system

Question 3

Which laboratory test would most likely be ordered to diagnose a bacterial infection of the bone (osteomyelitis)?

Accepted Answer

Microbial culture of bone marrow

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct order of structural levels in the human body from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

Question 5

A patient is lying face up on an examination table. What is the anatomical term for this position, and why is it important in phlebotomy?

Accepted Answer

Supine; it is the best position for performing phlebotomy on bedridden patients

Question 6

Which of the following medical terms is correctly broken down into its word elements?

Accepted Answer

Endocarditis: endo (prefix, within) + card (root, heart) + itis (suffix, inflammation)

Question 7

A laboratory test panel includes the following: Ca, CO$$_2$$, Cl, creatinine, glucose, K$$^+$$, Na, and urea nitrogen (BUN). What type of panel is this?

Accepted Answer

Basic metabolic panel

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses during stress

Question 9

A patient with a history of asthma is experiencing difficulty breathing. Which laboratory test would be most useful in assessing the severity of their respiratory distress?

Accepted Answer

Blood gas analysis

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Production of insulin

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which laboratory test would most likely be abnormal in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Calcium level

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between disease and illness?

Accepted Answer

Disease is a specific, measurable condition with clinical symptoms; illness is a subjective feeling of unwellness.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the urinary system's role in acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain the normal blood pH of 7.35 to 7.45 by regulating the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a pathologic condition associated with the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Question 15

A laboratory test for potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation is most likely used to diagnose which type of integumentary disorder?

Accepted Answer

Fungal infection

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of red blood cells (RBCs) in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Transport O$$_2$$ and CO$$_2$$ via hemoglobin

Question 17

A patient with a suspected thyroid disorder is most likely to undergo which laboratory test?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid function test

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the term 'hematopoiesis'?

Accepted Answer

The formation of blood cells in the bone marrow

Question 19

A patient with a history of diabetes mellitus is being monitored for long-term glucose control. Which laboratory test is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

HbA1c

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct application of directional terms in anatomy?

Accepted Answer

The heart is medial to the lungs.

Medical Terminology, Anatomy, and Physiology of Organ Systems: Foundations for Personal Health

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