Question 1

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of cardiac muscle compared to skeletal and smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle contains intercalated discs, which facilitate synchronized contraction.

Question 2

A patient presents with a red, scaly patch on their elbow that is sharply demarcated and silvery in appearance. Which skin condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Psoriasis

Question 3

Which of the following precautions should a nurse take when caring for a patient with active tuberculosis (TB)?

Accepted Answer

Use airborne precautions, including an N95 respirator and negative pressure room.

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

Malignant tumors can metastasize to distant organs, while benign tumors do not.

Question 5

A patient with thalassemia is most likely to present with which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

Decreased hemoglobin and microcytic red blood cells

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation → Increased vascular permeability → Leukocyte migration

Question 7

Which of the following is a side effect commonly associated with long-term steroid use?

Accepted Answer

Immunosuppression

Question 8

A patient with HIV is admitted to the hospital. Which precaution should the nurse implement to protect both the patient and themselves?

Accepted Answer

Standard precautions, including gloves and careful handling of sharps

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of basal cells in the skin?

Accepted Answer

They are cuboidal and located in the deepest layer of the epidermis.

Question 10

Which of the following is a primary indicator that a patient is in pain and should be prioritized for care?

Accepted Answer

Patient has elevated heart rate and is grimacing.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the ABCs of integumentary cancer screening?

Accepted Answer

A stands for 'Asymmetry', B for 'Border', C for 'Color'

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the anatomical structure responsible for focusing light onto the retina?

Accepted Answer

Lens

Question 13

A patient with Wilson’s disease is most likely to have abnormal accumulation of which substance?

Accepted Answer

Copper

Question 14

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of simple squamous cells?

Accepted Answer

They are flat and allow for rapid diffusion.

Question 15

Which of the following is a key difference between cellular and humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity involves B cells producing antibodies, while cellular immunity involves T cells attacking infected cells.

Question 16

A patient receives a kidney transplant. Which of the following best describes the risk of host vs graft rejection?

Accepted Answer

The host's immune system attacks the transplanted organ.

Question 17

Which of the following is a common symptom of macular degeneration?

Accepted Answer

Blurred or loss of central vision

Question 18

Which of the following is a typical presentation of contact dermatitis?

Accepted Answer

Red, itchy rash with possible blisters at the site of exposure

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the calculation for intraocular pressure, a key factor in glaucoma?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{IOP} = \frac{	ext{Aqueous Production}}{	ext{Aqueous Outflow}}$$

Question 20

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Multi-organ involvement including joints, skin, and kidneys

Personal Health: Diseases, Immunity, and Integumentary System Study Guide

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