Question 1

Which brain structure acts as the primary control center for sleeping and waking, integrating signals to regulate the sleep–wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus

Question 2

A 45-year-old patient reports waking up frequently at night gasping for air, feeling tired during the day, and his partner notices loud snoring and periods of not breathing. Which sleep disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the physiological changes that occur during REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

Pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure, metabolic rate, and body temperature increase; skeletal muscle tone and deep tendon reflexes are depressed

Question 4

A patient is experiencing difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep, despite having enough time and a quiet environment. This has lasted for over a month and is affecting daily functioning. Which sleep disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Insomnia

Question 5

Which hormone signals the brain to stop eating and is lowered by insufficient sleep, potentially increasing obesity risk?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 6

A college student reports feeling sleepy during the day and sometimes falling asleep during class without warning. He also describes episodes of sudden muscle weakness triggered by laughter. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy with cataplexy

Question 7

Which of the following medications is most likely to decrease REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

Amphetamines

Question 8

A patient complains of unpleasant crawling sensations in the legs at night, making it difficult to fall asleep. Which nonpharmacologic intervention is most appropriate to try first?

Accepted Answer

Progressive muscle relaxation

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the normal sequence of a single sleep cycle?

Accepted Answer

NREM stages I–IV, then reverse to III, II, enter REM, then back to II

Question 10

A patient with a history of depression is more likely to experience which sleep disorder?

Accepted Answer

Insomnia

Question 11

Which of the following is a recommended dietary habit to promote sleep?

Accepted Answer

Consuming a small protein snack with a complex carbohydrate before bed

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT typically recorded in a sleep diary?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure readings every hour

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with a circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorder. Which of the following is a primary cause?

Accepted Answer

Misalignment between the internal circadian rhythm and the required sleep–wake schedule

Question 14

Which of the following is a parasomnia characterized by walking during sleep?

Accepted Answer

Somnambulism

Question 15

A nurse is planning care for a hospitalized patient who is having trouble sleeping. Which intervention is most appropriate to promote sleep?

Accepted Answer

Scheduling nursing care to avoid disturbances during normal sleep hours

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why caffeine can interfere with sleep?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine blocks the ability of adenosine to cause drowsiness

Question 17

A patient is prescribed a benzodiazepine for sleep. Which of the following is a potential effect of this medication on sleep architecture?

Accepted Answer

Decreased REM sleep

Question 18

Which of the following is a nonpharmacologic therapy for dyssomnias that focuses on changing thoughts and behaviors related to sleep?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Question 19

A patient with end-stage renal disease is most likely to experience which of the following sleep disturbances?

Accepted Answer

Insomnia

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of exercise on sleep?

Accepted Answer

Exercise increases both REM and NREM sleep and contributes to more restful sleep

Rest and Sleep: Physiology, Disorders, and Health Implications

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