Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between traditional, authoritative, and scientific sources of knowledge in nursing?

Accepted Answer

Traditional and authoritative knowledge are often based on subjective data, whereas scientific knowledge is obtained through systematic research and objective data.

Question 2

A nurse is reviewing a new protocol for patient care that is based on the latest research findings. This approach is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Evidence-based practice

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning in nursing?

Accepted Answer

Applying a general theory about infection control to develop specific hand hygiene protocols for a hospital unit.

Question 4

A nurse is conducting a study to determine whether a new medication reduces pain more effectively than the current standard. The nurse randomly assigns patients to receive either the new medication or the standard treatment and measures their pain levels. What type of quantitative research is this?

Accepted Answer

Experimental

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the use of the PICOT format in developing a clinical question?

Accepted Answer

In adults with chronic back pain (P), does yoga (I) compared to standard physical therapy (C) improve pain scores (O) over 6 months (T)?

Question 6

A nurse wants to understand how patients with terminal illness find meaning in their experiences. Which qualitative research method is most appropriate for this study?

Accepted Answer

Phenomenology

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a goal of nursing research as outlined by the National Institute of Nursing Research?

Accepted Answer

Increase hospital profits

Question 8

A nurse is evaluating a clinical research study. Which of the following ethical principles requires that the risks to participants are justified by the potential benefits?

Accepted Answer

Favorable risk–benefit ratio

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of a conceptual framework in nursing theory?

Accepted Answer

To organize abstract concepts into an understandable pattern that guides research and practice

Question 10

A nurse is using evidence-based practice (EBP) to decide on a new intervention for wound care. Which step should the nurse take immediately after critically appraising the evidence?

Accepted Answer

Integrate the evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences to make a decision

Question 11

Which of the following is a key feature of applied research in nursing?

Accepted Answer

It is conducted to directly influence or improve clinical practice.

Question 12

A nurse is interested in how a new hospital policy affects patient access to care, cost, and quality. Which issue from the Nursing Social Policy Statement does this best represent?

Accepted Answer

Health care systems and their relationships to access, cost, and quality of health care

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between general systems theory and adaptation theory in nursing?

Accepted Answer

General systems theory examines how parts work together in systems, while adaptation theory focuses on how living things adjust to their environment.

Question 14

A nurse is designing a study to observe the relationship between hours of sleep and stress levels among nursing students, without manipulating any variables. What type of quantitative research is this?

Accepted Answer

Correlational

Question 15

Which of the following is the most important concept in nursing theory?

Accepted Answer

The person (patient)

Question 16

A nurse is reading a research article and wants to determine if the study is applicable to their practice. Which of the following should the nurse do first?

Accepted Answer

Review the elements of the article

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of inductive reasoning in nursing?

Accepted Answer

Building general conclusions from specific observations or cases

Question 18

A nurse is planning a quality improvement project to reduce patient falls in a hospital unit. Which of the following actions is most consistent with quality improvement principles?

Accepted Answer

Using systematic and continuous actions to achieve measurable improvements in patient safety

Question 19

A nurse is conducting a historical research study. Which of the following best describes this type of qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

It examines past events to increase understanding of the present and future in nursing.

Question 20

A nurse is developing a research hypothesis. Which of the following best defines a hypothesis in quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

A statement predicting the relationship between variables

Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice in Health and Nursing

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