Q: Which equation would you use to calculate per capita household income, as discussed in the context of household disaggregation?

$$ \text{Per Capita Income} = \frac{\text{Total Household Income}}{\text{Number of Household Members}} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the shift in poverty analysis brought about by feminist research since the 1970s?

Accepted Answer

An expansion of poverty concepts to include multidimensional and dynamic aspects, such as social exclusion, respect, and power.

Question 2

According to the study materials, why is household disaggregation important in gendered poverty analysis?

Accepted Answer

It allows for the identification of intra-household inequalities, such as differences in resource allocation and decision-making power.

Question 3

Which approach to valuing unpaid care work estimates the value based on what the person performing the work could earn in a paid activity with similar qualifications?

Accepted Answer

The opportunity cost approach

Question 4

What is a major limitation of the UNDP Gender Development Index (GDI) and Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) as discussed in the materials?

Accepted Answer

They rely primarily on formal sector earnings and neglect women's contributions in informal and unpaid work.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT typically considered a form of capital in the livelihoods approach to poverty analysis?

Accepted Answer

Political capital

Question 6

A participatory poverty assessment (PPA) is most likely to reveal which of the following gendered perceptions of poverty?

Accepted Answer

Women often define poverty in terms of lack of assets and ability to provide for family, while men may focus on employment and education.

Question 7

Which equation would you use to calculate per capita household income, as discussed in the context of household disaggregation?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Per Capita Income} = \frac{	ext{Total Household Income}}{	ext{Number of Household Members}} $$

Question 8

Why is the concept of 'trade-off' important in gendered poverty analysis, especially regarding female-headed households?

Accepted Answer

It highlights that women may gain autonomy but face economic disadvantages, requiring choices between material resources and empowerment.

Question 9

Which of the following is a key criticism of the poverty line approach from a gender perspective?

Accepted Answer

It ignores intra-household inequalities and non-monetary contributions, such as unpaid care work.

Question 10

In the context of empowerment, which of the following dimensions is NOT typically included?

Accepted Answer

Compliance (obedience)

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates the impact of structural adjustment policies on women in developing countries?

Accepted Answer

Women were disproportionately affected, bearing increased burdens in both productive and reproductive labor.

Question 12

Which participatory methodology evolved to include local people as analysts and broadened the definition of poverty beyond physical survival?

Accepted Answer

Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)

Question 13

If a country wants to improve the gender sensitivity of its poverty statistics, which of the following should it prioritize?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down statistics by sex, age, marital status, and ethnicity.

Question 14

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of relying solely on formal sector earnings in gender indices?

Accepted Answer

It may underestimate women's poverty by ignoring informal and unpaid labor.

Question 15

Which formula would you use to estimate the opportunity cost of unpaid care work for a university graduate?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Opportunity Cost} = 	ext{Potential Wage in Paid Employment} 	imes 	ext{Hours Spent on Unpaid Care Work} $$

Question 16

Which of the following is a reason why participatory poverty assessments (PPAs) may fail to fully capture gender-specific dimensions of poverty?

Accepted Answer

PPAs may not systematically explore differences in perceptions and experiences between men and women.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key contribution of the capability approach to gendered poverty analysis?

Accepted Answer

It provides a framework for assessing poverty in terms of freedoms and opportunities individuals have to achieve well-being.

Question 18

Which of the following is a common misconception about female-headed households in poverty analysis?

Accepted Answer

They are always the poorest of the poor, without considering variations in household size, access to resources, and autonomy.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between empowerment and poverty reduction according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Empowerment is a dynamic process involving resources, agency, and achievements, which can contribute to poverty reduction.

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