Q: Which formula correctly represents the dissonance ratio as described in the lecture?

$$\text{Dissonance Ratio} = \frac{\#DC}{(\#CC + \#DC)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the 'behavioural component' of an attitude, according to the CAB model?

Accepted Answer

Regularly sorting your waste and recycling at home.

Question 2

A student notices they always volunteer to help at animal shelters and concludes, 'I must really care about animal welfare.' This is an example of which concept?

Accepted Answer

Self-perception theory leading to a behaviourally based attitude

Question 3

According to the Theory of Planned Behaviour, which of the following is NOT a direct predictor of behavioural intention?

Accepted Answer

Strength of physiological arousal

Question 4

A company repeatedly pairs its product with upbeat music and images of happy people in advertisements. Over time, consumers develop positive feelings toward the product. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning

Question 5

Which of the following is a key criticism of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) as discussed in the lecture?

Accepted Answer

It may reflect cultural knowledge or familiarity rather than personal endorsement.

Question 6

A person who has just chosen between two equally attractive job offers later rates their chosen job much more positively and the rejected job much more negatively. This is best explained by:

Accepted Answer

Post-decisional dissonance

Question 7

Which formula correctly represents the dissonance ratio as described in the lecture?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Dissonance Ratio} = \frac{\#DC}{(\#CC + \#DC)}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a limitation of physiological measures of attitudes?

Accepted Answer

They require expensive equipment and specialized training.

Question 9

In the classic LaPiere (1939) study, what was the main finding regarding the relationship between attitudes and behaviour?

Accepted Answer

There was a significant inconsistency between expressed attitudes and actual behaviour.

Question 10

A health campaign uses graphic images of diseased lungs to discourage smoking. According to the lecture, this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Fear-arousing communication

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the central route to persuasion in the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)?

Accepted Answer

Attitude change occurs due to careful consideration of strong arguments.

Question 12

A person is exposed to a weak argument against their current attitude, making them more resistant to future persuasion attempts. This process is known as:

Accepted Answer

Attitude inoculation

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct measure of attitudes?

Accepted Answer

Likert scale

Question 14

According to the MODE model, when are attitudes most likely to guide behaviour?

Accepted Answer

When motivation and opportunity are both high

Question 15

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'effort justification'?

Accepted Answer

Liking a group more after going through a difficult initiation process

Question 16

A person who says they support environmental protection but never recycles is demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

Attitude-behaviour inconsistency

Question 17

Which of the following is a potential ethical concern when using physiological measures in attitude research?

Accepted Answer

Physiological data can be invasive and raise privacy issues.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a semantic differential scale?

Accepted Answer

Rating 'online learning' on a scale from 'boring' to 'interesting'

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the habit discontinuity hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

When context changes, old habits are disrupted and attitudes have a greater influence on new behaviour.

Question 20

Which of the following is a key difference between explicit and implicit attitudes?

Accepted Answer

Explicit attitudes are consciously endorsed and easily reported, while implicit attitudes are involuntary and sometimes unconscious.

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Foundations, Measurement, and Influence in Social Psychology

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