Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three components of an attitude according to social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Affect, cognition, and behavior

Question 2

A researcher uses a Likert scale to measure attitudes toward recycling. Which type of attitude measurement is this?

Accepted Answer

Self-report measure

Question 3

In the LaPiere study, why did attitudes fail to predict behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social norms and situational factors influenced behavior more than expressed attitudes

Question 4

Which scenario best illustrates cognitive dissonance theory?

Accepted Answer

A person who smokes but wants to be healthy feels discomfort and tries to quit or rationalize their behavior

Question 5

According to the effort justification principle, why do people who undergo severe initiations rate their group more highly?

Accepted Answer

They rationalize their unpleasant experience by increasing their liking for the group

Question 6

In the 'forbidden toy' study, why did children given a mild threat devalue the toy more than those given a severe threat?

Accepted Answer

Mild threats provided insufficient justification, leading children to rationalize their behavior by devaluing the toy

Question 7

Which equation best represents the relationship between attitude change and cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Attitude_{new} = Attitude_{old} + Dissonance_{reduction}

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of induced (forced) compliance leading to attitude change?

Accepted Answer

Being paid $1 to lie about a boring task and later reporting it as enjoyable

Question 9

According to self-perception theory, how do people form attitudes?

Accepted Answer

By inferring their attitudes from their behavior and the context in which it occurred

Question 10

Which condition is most likely to produce cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Freely choosing to behave inconsistently with one's beliefs without sufficient justification

Question 11

System justification theory suggests people are motivated to:

Accepted Answer

See the existing sociopolitical system as desirable, fair, and legitimate

Question 12

According to terror management theory, what is a primary way people cope with the anxiety of mortality?

Accepted Answer

Striving for symbolic immortality through preserving valued cultural worldviews

Question 13

Which of the following best illustrates the overjustification effect?

Accepted Answer

Children spend less time playing with math games after rewards are withdrawn

Question 14

Which formula best represents the overjustification effect in terms of time spent on an activity?

Accepted Answer

$$Time_{withdrawal} \u003c Time_{baseline}$$

Question 15

In the context of mortality salience, which outcome is most likely according to terror management theory?

Accepted Answer

Increased support for leaders perceived as defending the cultural worldview

Question 16

Which scenario best demonstrates effort justification?

Accepted Answer

A student who spends hours studying for a difficult exam feels more committed to the course, even if the material is uninteresting

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for why people rationalize their choices after making a difficult decision?

Accepted Answer

To reduce decision dissonance by emphasizing the positives of the chosen option and minimizing its negatives

Question 18

According to the study materials, which factor is LEAST likely to produce cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Being forced to act against one's beliefs with clear justification

Question 19

Which of the following best describes self-affirmation's role in cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Self-affirmation can reduce dissonance by boosting self-esteem and identity

Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization: Social Psychology Study Notes

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