Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the set of genes an individual has, while phenotype is the observable characteristic resulting from the interaction of genotype and environment.

Question 2

A psychologist is studying identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different environments. If the twins show similar intelligence levels, what is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The similarity is due to genetic factors.

Question 3

Which process results in the halving of the number of chromosomes to produce gametes?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of epigenetic change?

Accepted Answer

A chemical modification of DNA that affects gene expression without altering the DNA sequence

Question 5

According to the formula $$	ext{Genotype} + 	ext{Environment} = 	ext{Phenotype}$$, which of the following best illustrates this concept?

Accepted Answer

A child inherits tall genes but is malnourished and remains short.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters is correct?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that enable communication between neurons.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the action potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is the sudden reversal of electrical charge across the neuron's membrane when stimulated.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Enabling communication between neurons via neurotransmitters

Question 9

A researcher finds that a certain trait is more similar in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins. What does this suggest about the trait?

Accepted Answer

The trait is likely influenced more by genetic factors.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of methylation?

Accepted Answer

A biochemical process that reduces or silences gene expression by adding methyl groups to DNA

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Human Genome Project (HGP)?

Accepted Answer

The HGP sequenced most of the 3 billion steps in the spiral staircase of DNA and identified thousands of genes linked to brain and behaviour.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a simple dominant and recessive inheritance pattern?

Accepted Answer

One allele is stronger and masks the effect of the other allele.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why identical twins can have differences in personality?

Accepted Answer

They experience different environments, which influence their phenotypes.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of glial cells in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Physically holding neurons in place and helping guide their growth

Question 15

A child inherits a gene for a certain trait from both parents, but the trait is not expressed. Which of the following best explains this outcome?

Accepted Answer

The gene is recessive and both alleles must be present for the trait to be expressed.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes neuroplasticity?

Accepted Answer

The ability of the brain to change and reorganize itself based on individual experience

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

The CNS is responsible for receiving, processing, and storing information.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating organs, glands, and key biological processes such as heart rate and digestion

Question 19

Which of the following is a potential application of CRISPR technology in psychology and medicine?

Accepted Answer

Targeted treatment of diseases by editing specific genes

Question 20

If a neuron is at its resting potential, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the neuron is more negatively charged compared to the outside.

Biological Bases of Behaviour: Genetics, Nervous System, and Brain Development

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