Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of glial cells in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They support, nourish, and protect neurons, including producing myelin.

Question 2

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) is experiencing muscle weakness and erratic neural signaling. Which neural structure is most directly affected in MS?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 3

During the resting potential of a neuron, which of the following is true about the distribution of ions?

Accepted Answer

The neuron is polarized, with a negative charge inside and positive outside.

Question 4

Which step in the firing of a neuron involves the outflow of potassium ions (K+) to restore the negative charge inside the axon?

Accepted Answer

Step 3: Repolarization

Question 5

The 'all-or-none law' in neural firing means:

Accepted Answer

A neuron will fire at full strength or not at all, regardless of stimulus intensity.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why neurotransmitters must be removed from the synaptic cleft after transmission?

Accepted Answer

To prevent continuous stimulation or inhibition of the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 7

A drug that blocks the reuptake of serotonin in the brain acts as:

Accepted Answer

An agonist, prolonging serotonin's effect.

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with voluntary movement and is deficient in Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 9

If a neuron is in its refractory period, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

It cannot fire, regardless of the strength of the stimulus.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

It insulates axons, increasing the speed of neural transmission.

Question 11

A person is given a drug that mimics the action of acetylcholine at synapses. This drug is acting as:

Accepted Answer

An agonist

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Resting potential → Action potential → Repolarization → Refractory period

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory in the central nervous system and helps dampen neural activity?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Question 14

A neuroscientist is studying the effect of a new drug that blocks dopamine receptors. This drug would most likely:

Accepted Answer

Act as a dopamine antagonist

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why glutamate can be toxic to neurons in high doses?

Accepted Answer

It increases excitatory signaling, which can cause overactivation and damage.

Question 16

Which process is responsible for recycling neurotransmitters back into the presynaptic neuron after they have transmitted their signal?

Accepted Answer

Reuptake

Question 17

If a neuron receives more excitatory than inhibitory messages, what is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The neuron will fire an action potential.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of dendrites?

Accepted Answer

They receive information from other neurons.

Question 19

A neuroscientist observes that a neuron is not responding to any incoming signals, regardless of their strength. Which phase is the neuron most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Refractory period

Question 20

Which of the following statements about action potentials is correct?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials are all-or-none events that travel down the axon.

Biological Psychology: Neurons, Glial Cells, and Neural Communication

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