Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit, the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells?

$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of RBCs}}{\text{Total Blood Volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of red blood cells (RBCs) in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and tissues

Question 2

A patient with blood type B- (B negative) needs a transfusion. Which of the following blood types can safely be donated to this patient?

Accepted Answer

O-

Question 3

Which of the following statements about plasma is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Plasma contains clotting factors, water, electrolytes, and proteins such as albumin.

Question 4

A person with type AB+ blood is considered a universal recipient for blood transfusions. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

They have A, B, and Rh antigens on their red blood cells and lack anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh antibodies in their plasma.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of agglutination in the context of blood transfusions?

Accepted Answer

The clumping of red blood cells due to antibodies binding to incompatible antigens

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit, the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 7

A woman with blood type O- is pregnant with a fetus who is Rh+. Which of the following complications may arise if she is exposed to Rh+ blood during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

She may develop anti-Rh antibodies that can cross the placenta and attack fetal red blood cells, causing hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of hormones

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between plasma and serum?

Accepted Answer

Plasma contains clotting factors, while serum is plasma without clotting factors.

Question 10

A patient with type A+ blood receives a transfusion of type B+ blood. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination will occur because the recipient's anti-B antibodies will react with the B antigens on the donor RBCs.

Question 11

Which of the following white blood cells is classified as an agranulocyte and is primarily responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocyte

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why type O- blood is considered the universal donor for red blood cell transfusions?

Accepted Answer

It lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, so it does not trigger an immune response in recipients.

Question 14

A laboratory test shows a patient has a hematocrit of 60%. What does this indicate about the patient's blood?

Accepted Answer

The patient has a higher than normal percentage of red blood cells, which may indicate polycythemia.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about antibodies is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies are proteins produced in response to antigens and are found in blood plasma.

Question 16

A patient with type AB- blood needs a transfusion. Which of the following blood types can they safely receive?

Accepted Answer

A-, B-, AB-, O-

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets (thrombocytes) in the blood?

Accepted Answer

They initiate the process of hemostasis by forming a platelet plug at the site of vessel injury.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between antigens and antibodies in the ABO blood group system?

Accepted Answer

A person with type O blood has no A or B antigens on their RBCs and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why agglutination during a transfusion reaction is dangerous?

Accepted Answer

It leads to the clumping and destruction of red blood cells, which can block blood vessels and cause kidney failure.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct order of the three main mechanisms involved in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, Platelet plug formation, Coagulation

Cardiovascular System and Blood: Structure, Function, and Blood Typing

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