Question 1

Which of the following best defines psychology?

Accepted Answer

The scientific study of the mind, body, and behaviour.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the 6 principles of scientific thinking?

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias.

Question 3

A researcher claims that eating ice cream causes violent crime because both increase in the summer. Which principle of scientific thinking is most relevant here?

Accepted Answer

Correlation does not equal causation.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of the confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring evidence that contradicts your beliefs and only seeking information that supports them.

Question 5

Which of the following is a key characteristic of a good hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

It must be testable and falsifiable.

Question 6

Which historical framework in psychology focused on the unconscious mind?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis

Question 7

A claim that cannot be disproven by any evidence is lacking which principle of scientific thinking?

Accepted Answer

Falsifiability

Question 8

Which of the following is a sign of pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

Claims rely heavily on anecdotes and testimonials.

Question 9

Which level of analysis focuses on how cultural norms and social interactions shape behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social level

Question 10

A study finds that a new memory technique improves test scores in one experiment, but ten other studies fail to replicate the result. Which principle of scientific thinking is most relevant?

Accepted Answer

Replicability

Question 11

Which logical fallacy involves attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument itself?

Accepted Answer

Ad Hominem

Question 12

Which of the following best describes Occam's Razor?

Accepted Answer

The simplest explanation that accounts for all the data is usually the best.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a core feature of a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

It is based on anecdotal reports.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of belief perseverance?

Accepted Answer

Continuing to believe a claim even after it has been disproven by evidence.

Question 15

Which major debate in psychology asks whether our behaviors are the result of genes or environment?

Accepted Answer

Nature vs. Nurture

Question 16

A claim that 'bioresonance therapy can cure cancer' is best evaluated using which principle of scientific thinking?

Accepted Answer

Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of the self-serving bias?

Accepted Answer

Attributing your successes to your abilities and your failures to external factors.

Question 18

Which perspective in modern psychology emphasizes the role of unconscious drives and early childhood experiences?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic

Question 19

Which of the following is a logical fallacy where someone argues that a claim must be true because many people believe it?

Accepted Answer

Bandwagon Fallacy

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of scientific thinking?

Accepted Answer

Using observation, investigation, and reasoning to gain knowledge about the world in an objective, systematic, and testable way.

Chapter 1: Psychology and Scientific Thinking – Study Notes

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