Q: Which equation best represents the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in development?

$$Development = Genes + Environment + (Genes \times Environment)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main focus of developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

The study of how behaviour and mental processes change over the lifespan.

Question 2

What is the post hoc fallacy in developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

Assuming that because A comes before B, A must cause B.

Question 3

Which statement best illustrates bidirectional influences in human development?

Accepted Answer

Children's experiences influence their development, and their development also influences their experiences.

Question 4

A researcher wants to study how cognitive abilities change from age 20 to age 80. She collects data from people aged 20, 40, 60, and 80 at the same time. What type of research design is she using?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional design

Question 5

Which of the following is a major issue with longitudinal designs?

Accepted Answer

Selective attrition, where dropout is not random and may bias results.

Question 6

What is a cohort effect?

Accepted Answer

Differences between groups that arise from the time period in which they lived.

Question 7

Which myth about early experience is described as the belief that extremely early experiences are almost always more influential than later experiences?

Accepted Answer

Infant determinism

Question 8

Gene-environment interaction refers to:

Accepted Answer

The impact of genes on behaviour depends on the environment in which the behaviour develops.

Question 9

Which concept explains why some genes 'turn on' only in response to specific environmental events?

Accepted Answer

Gene expression

Question 10

A child with a genetic predisposition for anxiety never develops anxiety unless exposed to a highly stressful event. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Gene expression

Question 11

Which stage of prenatal development involves the formation of a blastocyst and the beginning of cell differentiation?

Accepted Answer

Germinal stage

Question 12

What is a teratogen?

Accepted Answer

An environmental factor that can negatively impact prenatal development.

Question 13

Which infant reflex involves an automatic response to oral stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Sucking reflex

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a primary sex characteristic that changes during puberty?

Accepted Answer

Breast enlargement in females

Question 15

Menarche refers to:

Accepted Answer

The start of menstruation in females.

Question 16

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'nature via nurture'?

Accepted Answer

Children with certain genetic predispositions seek out and create their own environments.

Question 17

Which equation best represents the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in development?

Accepted Answer

$$Development = Genes + Environment + (Genes 	imes Environment)$$

Question 18

Premature infants are defined as those born before which gestational age?

Accepted Answer

36 weeks

Question 19

Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristic that develops during puberty?

Accepted Answer

Deepening of the voice in males

Question 20

Which statement about brain development during prenatal growth is correct?

Accepted Answer

Brain cells proliferate at a high rate, with up to 250,000 new cells per minute during peak periods.

Chapter 10 – Human Development: Physical and Motor Development

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