Question 1

According to Batson's empathy–altruism hypothesis, under which condition are people most likely to help another person regardless of personal cost?

Accepted Answer

When they feel empathy for the person in need

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the bystander effect as demonstrated in Latané and Darley's seizure experiment?

Accepted Answer

The greater the number of bystanders, the less likely any one of them is to help

Question 3

Which theory explains prosocial behaviour as a result of maximizing rewards and minimizing costs, rather than genetic predisposition?

Accepted Answer

Social exchange theory

Question 4

According to research, which group is most likely to help in life-threatening situations due to kin selection?

Accepted Answer

People are more likely to help close genetic relatives

Question 5

Which of the following is a situational determinant that decreases the likelihood of helping in urban environments?

Accepted Answer

Urban-overload hypothesis

Question 6

A person finds a wallet on the street and decides to return it to its owner because they hope the owner will do the same for them in the future. This behaviour is best explained by:

Accepted Answer

The reciprocity norm

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the effect of mood on prosocial behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Both positive and negative moods can increase helping, depending on the context

Question 8

According to research on socioeconomic status (SES) and prosocial behaviour, which statement is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

People with lower SES are generally more helpful and generous than those with higher SES

Question 9

In the context of the bystander intervention decision tree, what is the most likely outcome if a person does not interpret an event as an emergency?

Accepted Answer

No intervention or help is given

Question 10

Which of the following strategies is most effective for increasing prosocial behaviour in children, according to research?

Accepted Answer

Modeling prosocial behaviour and providing moderate praise

Question 11

Based on Table 10.1, which type of charitable appeal is most effective for wealthy individuals?

Accepted Answer

Agentic message emphasizing individual action

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why people in stable communities are more likely to help others?

Accepted Answer

They feel a greater attachment and responsibility to their community

Question 13

According to the empathy–altruism hypothesis, what is the primary motivation for helping when empathy is high?

Accepted Answer

Altruistic concern for the other person

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world application of the bystander effect that can help ensure you receive help in an emergency?

Accepted Answer

Directly address a specific person and assign them a task

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the five steps in Latané and Darley's bystander intervention decision tree?

Accepted Answer

Assessing the victim's socioeconomic status

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of playing prosocial video games on helping behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Increases the likelihood of helping in a variety of situations

Question 17

Which of the following statements about gender differences in prosocial behaviour is supported by research?

Accepted Answer

Men are more likely to help in heroic situations, while women are more likely to help in nurturing, long-term relationships

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of diffusion of responsibility?

Accepted Answer

A group of people witness an accident, but no one calls for help because they assume someone else will

Question 19

Which of the following is most likely to increase prosocial behaviour in adults, according to research?

Accepted Answer

Priming with religious or moral concepts

Question 20

According to research, which of the following is a reason why people may avoid feeling empathy?

Accepted Answer

Empathy is perceived as effortful and mentally demanding

Chapter 10: Prosocial Behaviour – Why Do People Help?

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