Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating IQ according to the original Stanford-Binet test?

$$ IQ = 100 * \left( \frac{\text{mental age}}{\text{actual age}} \right) $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an algorithm and a heuristic in problem solving?

Accepted Answer

An algorithm is a strategy that guarantees a solution, while a heuristic is a shortcut that may not always lead to the correct answer.

Question 2

A student is trying to solve a complex math problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable parts. This approach is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Means-ends analysis (subgoals)

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of functional fixedness?

Accepted Answer

Failing to realize that a shovel can be used as a hammer.

Question 4

A person believes that after a sports game, they 'knew it all along' who would win, even though they did not predict it beforehand. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Hindsight bias

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the availability heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Assuming plane crashes are more common than car accidents because plane crashes are more memorable.

Question 6

If a person refuses to switch to a new major because they have already invested three years in their current one, even though switching would benefit them in the long run, this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Loss aversion

Question 7

Which of the following statements about deductive reasoning is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Deductive reasoning can be valid even if the premises are false.

Question 8

A researcher observes that every time she waters her plant, it grows taller. She concludes that watering causes the plant to grow. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating IQ according to the original Stanford-Binet test?

Accepted Answer

$$ IQ = 100 * \left( \frac{	ext{mental age}}{	ext{actual age}} ight) $$

Question 10

A child has a mental age of 7 and an actual age of 8. What is their IQ according to the original formula?

Accepted Answer

$$ IQ = 100 * \left( \frac{7}{8} \right) = 87.5 $$

Question 11

The Flynn effect refers to which of the following phenomena?

Accepted Answer

The average IQ has increased over time, suggesting an environmental component to intelligence.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of Gardner’s multiple intelligences?

Accepted Answer

Emotional

Question 13

A person is asked to choose between two checkout lines at a grocery store. Line A has one person with a full cart, and Line B has three people with only a few items each. This scenario best illustrates which cognitive process?

Accepted Answer

Decision making under uncertainty

Question 14

Which of the following best describes confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

Preferring information that supports your existing beliefs and ignoring contradictory evidence.

Question 15

According to Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence, which type of intelligence is most involved when a person invents a new product?

Accepted Answer

Creative intelligence

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of the representativeness heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Assuming a sequence of coin tosses with more alternations between heads and tails is more random than a sequence with many heads in a row.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about intelligence is supported by twin studies?

Accepted Answer

Both genetics and environment contribute to intelligence, with genetics accounting for about 50-75% of the variation.

Question 18

A student is unable to solve a puzzle because they keep trying the same unsuccessful strategy. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Fixation

Question 19

Which of the following is a culturally biased aspect of intelligence testing?

Accepted Answer

Tests that assume all test-takers have the same cultural background and experiences.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'g' in intelligence research?

Accepted Answer

A general intelligence factor underlying all cognitive abilities.

Chapter 7: Cognition – Problem Solving, Reasoning, Decision Making, and Intelligence

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