Question 1

Which of the following newborn reflexes is considered a developmental precursor to voluntary motor behavior, specifically walking?

Accepted Answer

Stepping reflex

Question 2

A newborn receives the following Apgar scores: Breathing = 2, Heartbeat = 1, Muscle tone = 1, Reflexes = 1, Skin tone = 1. What is the total Apgar score, and what does it indicate about the baby's condition?

Accepted Answer

Total score is $$2+1+1+1+1=6$$; the baby needs special attention.

Question 3

Which system is NOT assessed by the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive system

Question 4

A newborn is calm, with eyes open and attentive, deliberately inspecting the environment. Which behavioral state is this?

Accepted Answer

Alert inactivity

Question 5

Which type of cry is most likely to start with a loud wail, followed by a long pause and then gasping?

Accepted Answer

Pain cry

Question 6

If a newborn sleeps an average of 16 hours per day in a 4-hour cycle, how many cycles does the baby complete in a day?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{16}{4}=4$$ cycles, but with 3 hours sleep and 1 hour awake per cycle

Question 7

Which of the following statements about co-sleeping is supported by research?

Accepted Answer

Co-sleeping facilitates breastfeeding and is only dangerous when parents smoke, drink, or sleep with babies on sofas or chairs.

Question 8

Which of the following is a risk factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

Accepted Answer

Premature birth and low birth weight

Question 9

According to Rothbart's model, which temperament dimension describes a child who is generally happy, active, vocal, and seeks stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Surgency/extroversion

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the relationship between temperament and later personality?

Accepted Answer

Temperament predisposes but does not always guarantee later personality characteristics.

Question 11

Which statement about physical growth in infancy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Infants triple their weight by 1 year.

Question 12

Why is bottle-feeding potentially disastrous in developing nations?

Accepted Answer

It can lead to contaminated water and high dilution of formula.

Question 13

Which brain structure connects the two hemispheres and allows communication between them?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 14

At what age do infants typically master unsupported, independent walking?

Accepted Answer

12 to 15 months

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of experience-expectant growth in brain development?

Accepted Answer

Wiring of the brain organized by experiences common to most humans, such as exposure to language

Question 16

Which sensory ability is least developed in newborns?

Accepted Answer

Vision (color perception)

Question 17

Visual cliff research shows that fear of depth in infants develops around the time they can:

Accepted Answer

Crawl

Question 18

Which of the following cues do 4-month-old infants use to perceive objects?

Accepted Answer

Elements that move together, similar colors and textures, and aligned edges

Question 19

A child’s nose is painted red and placed in front of a mirror. If the child reaches toward their own nose to touch the red spot, what does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The child has developed a sense of self.

Question 20

According to Wellman’s phases of theory of mind, at what age do children typically understand that behavior is often based on a person’s beliefs about events and situations?

Accepted Answer

By age 4

Chapter Three: Tools for Exploring the World – Physical, Perceptual, and Motor Development

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