Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the post hoc fallacy in developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

Assuming that children who play violent video games will become violent adults because some violent adults played such games as children.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study how depression changes from adolescence to adulthood by following the same group of individuals over 20 years. Which research design is being used?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal design

Question 3

Which central issue in developmental psychology is most directly addressed by the nature versus nurture debate?

Accepted Answer

Whether genetic or environmental factors are more influential in development

Question 4

During which prenatal period is exposure to teratogens most likely to result in severe anomalies in organ systems?

Accepted Answer

Embryonic period (weeks 2-8)

Question 5

A child who weighs 7.5 pounds at birth and grows to 25 pounds by 12 months demonstrates which principle of physical development?

Accepted Answer

Rapid growth during infancy

Question 6

Which newborn reflex is assessed by stroking the sole of the foot and observing the fanning of the toes?

Accepted Answer

Babinski reflex

Question 7

According to Piaget, which process involves modifying existing schemas to adapt to new experiences?

Accepted Answer

Accommodation

Question 8

A child who understands that the amount of liquid remains the same when poured into a differently shaped glass is demonstrating which cognitive ability?

Accepted Answer

Conservation

Question 9

Which stage of Piaget’s cognitive development is characterized by the ability to think hypothetically and use deductive logic?

Accepted Answer

Formal operational stage

Question 10

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory emphasizes the importance of:

Accepted Answer

Complex human relationships at multiple environmental levels

Question 11

Vygotsky’s concept of the zone of proximal development refers to:

Accepted Answer

The difference between what a child can do alone and what they can do with help

Question 12

Which attachment style is characterized by a child showing little reaction when the mother leaves or returns?

Accepted Answer

Insecure-avoidant attachment

Question 13

According to the New York Longitudinal Study, which temperament type describes a child who adapts easily and is generally cheerful?

Accepted Answer

Easy child

Question 14

Kagan’s concept of behavioural inhibition is most closely associated with which later outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Risk for shyness and anxiety disorders

Question 15

In Kohlberg’s theory, which level of moral reasoning is focused on avoiding punishment and seeking rewards?

Accepted Answer

Preconventional morality

Question 16

Carol Gilligan criticized Kohlberg’s theory of moral development for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

It was based primarily on research with boys and men, neglecting female perspectives.

Question 17

According to Erikson, failure to successfully resolve the crisis in Stage 1 (birth to 18 months) leads to:

Accepted Answer

Distrust in the world

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the cephalocaudal trend in physical development?

Accepted Answer

Growth occurs first in the head, then progresses to the rest of the body

Question 19

A child who is able to walk, climb, and manipulate their environment by 13 months demonstrates:

Accepted Answer

Significant variability in developmental milestones

Question 20

Which of the following is a major criticism of the Strange Situation methodology for assessing attachment?

Accepted Answer

It relies on a single measure to draw conclusions about attachment.

Child Development: Key Concepts in Developmental Psychology

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