Question 1

Which of the following best defines 'learning' as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

A relatively enduring change in behavior, thought, or knowledge as a result of past experience.

Question 2

In Pavlov’s original experiment, what role did the bell play before it was paired with food?

Accepted Answer

Neutral stimulus

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence for higher-order (second-order) conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Original conditioned response is established → Acquisition – pairing the new NS and CS → New stimulus elicits conditioned response

Question 4

A dog salivates when it hears a bell that has been repeatedly paired with food. The salivation to the bell is called:

Accepted Answer

Conditioned response (CR)

Question 5

Which of the following best describes extinction in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The elimination of a learned response when the CS is repeatedly presented without the US.

Question 6

Dr. Cho pairs a loud noise with a flash of light until rats freeze at the light alone. In this study, what is the conditioned stimulus (CS)?

Accepted Answer

The light

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization?

Accepted Answer

A cat meows to any spoken word after being conditioned to meow to certain words.

Question 8

What is the main difference between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Generalization is the tendency for stimuli similar to the CS to elicit the CR, while discrimination is the ability to distinguish between similar but related stimuli.

Question 9

After extinction, a conditioned response may reappear when the conditioned stimulus is presented again after some time. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery

Question 10

Which of the following situations is an example of extinction?

Accepted Answer

A dog stops running to the door when you put on sneakers because you now wear them all day.

Question 11

For the strongest classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus should:

Accepted Answer

Precede the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a misconception about classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The conditioned stimulus signals that the unconditioned stimulus is coming.

Question 13

A cat runs to the kitchen every time they hear kibble being poured. Over time, they also begin to run to the kitchen anytime someone pours cereal. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization

Question 14

In higher-order conditioning, a new neutral stimulus must be paired with what to elicit a conditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A conditioned stimulus

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the unconditioned stimulus (US) in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A stimulus that elicits a reflexive response.

Question 16

If a conditioned response is harder to extinguish, what might be a likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The response is biologically prepared, such as a taste aversion.

Question 17

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?

Accepted Answer

As stimulus discrimination increases, stimulus generalization decreases.

Question 18

In Pavlov’s experiment, what is the unconditioned response (UR)?

Accepted Answer

Salivation to food

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of stimulus discrimination?

Accepted Answer

A sheepdog responds only to a specific whistle call among several similar whistles.

Question 20

During which phase of classical conditioning does learning actually take place?

Accepted Answer

Acquisition

Classical Conditioning and Learning: Study Guide for Psychology

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