Question 1

Which of the following best defines 'learning' as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

A relatively enduring change in behavior, thought, or knowledge as a result of past experience.

Question 2

In Pavlov’s original experiment, what role did the bell play before it was paired with food?

Accepted Answer

Neutral stimulus

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence for higher-order (second-order) conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Original conditioned response is established → Acquisition – pairing the new NS and CS → New stimulus elicits conditioned response

Question 4

A dog salivates when it hears a bell that has been repeatedly paired with food. The salivation to the bell is called:

Accepted Answer

Conditioned response

Question 5

Which of the following best describes extinction in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The elimination of a learned response when the CS is repeatedly presented without the US.

Question 6

A child is conditioned to fear a white rat. Later, the child also shows fear to a white rabbit and a white dog. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization

Question 7

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding stimulus generalization and discrimination?

Accepted Answer

In stimulus discrimination, a similar stimulus will NOT elicit the conditioned response.

Question 8

After extinction, a conditioned response may reappear when the conditioned stimulus is presented again after some time. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery

Question 9

In Dr. Cho’s experiment, rats freeze when a loud noise is paired with a flash of light. After conditioning, the rats freeze at the light alone. In this scenario, what is the conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

The light

Question 10

Which of the following is necessary for the strongest classical conditioning to occur?

Accepted Answer

The neutral stimulus should precede the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 11

A cat runs to the kitchen every time it hears kibble being poured. Over time, it also runs to the kitchen when cereal is poured. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of extinction?

Accepted Answer

A dog stops running to the door when it sees sneakers after the sneakers are worn all day and not just before walks.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a misconception about classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The conditioned stimulus signals that the unconditioned stimulus is coming.

Question 14

In the context of classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned stimulus (US)?

Accepted Answer

A stimulus that elicits a reflexive response without prior learning.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of acquisition in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The phase where the neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are paired.

Question 16

A sheepdog is trained to respond to three distinct whistle calls, each signaling a different task. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Stimulus discrimination

Question 17

For higher-order conditioning to occur, a new neutral stimulus must be paired with:

Accepted Answer

A conditioned stimulus

Question 18

Which of the following best illustrates spontaneous recovery?

Accepted Answer

A conditioned response reappears after a period of rest following extinction.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the relationship between stimulus generalization and discrimination?

Accepted Answer

As stimulus discrimination increases, stimulus generalization decreases.

Question 20

In Pavlov’s experiment, what is the conditioned response (CR)?

Accepted Answer

The dog salivating to the bell.

Classical Conditioning: Principles, Processes, and Applications

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