Question 1

Which of the following best describes the prototype model of concepts?

Accepted Answer

It suggests concepts are represented by a mental average of all examples encountered.

Question 2

A student is trying to solve a math problem and keeps using the same unsuccessful strategy. This is an example of which cognitive barrier?

Accepted Answer

Mental set

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of functional fixedness?

Accepted Answer

Failing to realize a paperclip can be used to unlock a door.

Question 4

According to Spearman's theory, what does the $$g$$ factor represent?

Accepted Answer

General intelligence underlying all cognitive abilities.

Question 5

Which scenario best illustrates crystallized intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Recalling historical facts during a trivia game.

Question 6

A psychologist administers an intelligence test to twins raised apart and finds a high correlation in their scores. What does this suggest?

Accepted Answer

Genetic factors play a significant role in intelligence.

Question 7

Which of the following best distinguishes aptitude tests from achievement tests?

Accepted Answer

Aptitude tests predict future performance; achievement tests assess current knowledge.

Question 8

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences includes which of the following types?

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal, musical, and spatial intelligence.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of using an algorithm in decision making?

Accepted Answer

Following a step-by-step formula to solve a quadratic equation.

Question 10

A test consistently yields similar results when administered multiple times, but does not measure what it claims to measure. This test is:

Accepted Answer

Reliable but not valid.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes fluid intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The capacity to solve novel problems and think abstractly.

Question 12

A person who can easily recognize faces but struggles with math likely demonstrates which aspect of Gardner's theory?

Accepted Answer

High spatial intelligence.

Question 13

Which of the following is a common cultural bias found in intelligence tests?

Accepted Answer

Questions that require knowledge specific to one culture.

Question 14

Behavioral genetics research on intelligence often uses which method to separate genetic and environmental influences?

Accepted Answer

Twin studies comparing identical and fraternal twins.

Question 15

Which scenario best illustrates the use of an exemplar model in concept formation?

Accepted Answer

Judging whether a new animal is a dog by comparing it to all dogs you have seen before.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Intelligence consists of analytical, creative, and practical components.

Question 17

A student uses a mental shortcut to quickly decide which answer to choose on a test. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Heuristic decision making.

Question 18

Which equation best represents the relationship between observed intelligence ($$I$$), genetic factors ($$G$$), and environmental factors ($$E) in $$behavioral genetics?

Accepted Answer

$$I = G + E$$

Question 19

A person is unable to see alternative uses for a common object during a problem-solving task. This is most likely due to:

Accepted Answer

Functional fixedness.

Question 20

Which of the following is most likely to improve the validity of an intelligence test?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring the test measures the intended construct.

Cognition and Intelligence: Key Concepts and Theories

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