Question 1

Which psychological concept is best illustrated by the experiment shown in the image, where children observe adults interacting with a doll and then imitate their behavior?

Accepted Answer

Modeling (observational learning)

Question 2

According to Bandura's Bobo Doll experiment, what factor most influenced whether children imitated the aggressive behavior they observed?

Accepted Answer

Whether the model was rewarded, punished, or received no consequence

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the 'Overjustification Effect' as demonstrated in Deci's 1999 study?

Accepted Answer

External rewards decrease intrinsic motivation to perform a task

Question 4

In the context of avoidance learning, why might classical conditioning fail to extinguish a learned response?

Accepted Answer

The animal expects the UCS and continues to respond to avoid it

Question 5

Which level of analysis focuses on how expectancies and mental representations influence learning?

Accepted Answer

Psychological (Mental) level

Question 6

In Tolman's S-O-R theory, what does the 'O' represent?

Accepted Answer

Organism's internal processes and representations

Question 7

Which of the following is a hypothetical construct in cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

Attention

Question 8

In the Pfautz (1978) classical conditioning experiment, what was the key finding regarding the animals' response to the tone?

Accepted Answer

Group two animals froze in response to the tone, showing evidence for cognitive expectancies

Question 9

Which principle is NOT a foundation of cognitive psychology as a science?

Accepted Answer

Relies on magic or dualistic explanations

Question 10

A captive monkey learns to fear snakes after watching a video of a wild monkey reacting fearfully to a snake. This is best explained by which concept?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary preparedness

Question 11

Which equation best represents the S-O-R theory in cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

$$S \rightarrow O \rightarrow R$$

Question 12

In the context of operant conditioning, what is the reinforcement in avoidance learning?

Accepted Answer

The absence of the shock when it is expected

Question 13

Which of the following best describes 'latent learning' as demonstrated in Bandura's experiments?

Accepted Answer

Learning can occur without immediate reinforcement and may be demonstrated later

Question 14

Which scenario best illustrates the overjustification effect?

Accepted Answer

A student studies only to get good grades and loses interest in the subject

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the behaviorist perspective?

Accepted Answer

It fully accounts for all aspects of human behavior

Question 16

Which concept allows psychologists to integrate diverse data on a phenomenon, such as 'attention' or 'happiness'?

Accepted Answer

Hypothetical construct

Question 17

In Deci's 1999 study, which group played the videogame more voluntarily in the week after the experiment?

Accepted Answer

Group 1 (not paid)

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a process that operates on representations, according to the cognitive perspective?

Accepted Answer

Expectancies

Question 19

Why is it important for cognitive psychology to use hypothetical constructs?

Accepted Answer

They help integrate diverse data and guide scientific investigation

Question 20

Which statement best reflects Einstein's quote, 'Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler,' in the context of cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

Psychological theories should simplify phenomena without losing essential explanatory power

5. Cognitive Perspectives in Learning: Beyond Behaviorism

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