Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of 'ruling out rival hypotheses' in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Designing the study to test only one hypothesis and considering alternative explanations for the findings.

Question 2

A researcher finds a correlation coefficient of $$r = -0.85$$ between hours of sleep and stress levels. What does this coefficient indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong negative relationship between hours of sleep and stress levels.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about reliability and validity is correct?

Accepted Answer

A test must be reliable to be valid, but a reliable test can still be invalid.

Question 4

In an experiment testing the effect of caffeine on memory, which is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The amount of caffeine administered.

Question 5

Which structure in the limbic system is primarily responsible for forming new memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 6

A child inherits 50% of their DNA from each parent. Which term describes the child's genetic makeup, and which term describes their observable characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Genotype describes genetic makeup; phenotype describes observable characteristics.

Question 7

According to Weber’s Law, if the initial intensity of a stimulus is $$I_0$$, the Just Noticeable Difference (JND) $$	riangle I is $$proportional to $$I_0. $$Which equation best represents this relationship?

Accepted Answer

$$	riangle I = k \cdot I_0$

Question 8

Which outcome in Signal Detection Theory occurs when a participant reports a stimulus is present when it is actually absent?

Accepted Answer

False positive (false alarm)

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between sensation and perception?

Accepted Answer

Sensation is detecting stimuli and translating them into nerve impulses; perception is organizing and interpreting that information to give it meaning.

Question 10

A drug that decreases neurotransmitter activity is classified as:

Accepted Answer

An antagonist

Question 11

Which operant consequence involves removing something unpleasant to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated?

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement

Question 12

In classical conditioning, what is the sequence of events that leads to a neutral stimulus becoming a conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus, and after repeated trials, the neutral stimulus elicits the response and becomes a conditioned stimulus.

Question 13

Which schedule of reinforcement is most likely to produce high, steady rates of responding and is used in slot machines?

Accepted Answer

Variable ratio

Question 14

Which type of memory store lasts only a fraction of a second and is responsible for visual information?

Accepted Answer

Iconic store

Question 15

A patient is unable to form new memories after a head injury but can recall events before the injury. What type of amnesia is this?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a feature of language?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmission

Question 17

Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area are both involved in language. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Broca’s area coordinates speech production; Wernicke’s area coordinates speech comprehension.

Question 18

According to Noam Chomsky’s nativist theory, language acquisition is primarily due to:

Accepted Answer

An innate mental structure called the language acquisition device (LAD).

Question 19

Which reasoning process starts with observations and makes inferences, as opposed to starting with premises?

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning

Question 20

A person is unable to use a paperclip for anything other than holding papers together, even though it could be used to unlock a door. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Functional fixedness

Comprehensive Psychology Review Guidance

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