Question 1

Which of the following best describes the scientific approach in psychology?

Accepted Answer

It uses systematic methods and empirical evidence to study behavior and mental processes.

Question 2

According to the goals of psychology, which process involves defining and observing a behavior in order to study it?

Accepted Answer

Describe behavior

Question 3

Which school of thought in psychology was founded by Wilhelm Wundt and focused on analyzing conscious experience into its basic elements?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism

Question 4

A psychologist wants to study the effect of sleep deprivation on memory recall. She randomly assigns participants to either a sleep-deprived group or a control group and measures their recall performance. Which research method is she using?

Accepted Answer

Experimental method

Question 5

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using the observation method in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

It cannot explain why people behave the way they do.

Question 6

In classical conditioning, what is the process called when a conditioned response gradually weakens and disappears after the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Extinction

Question 7

Which principle of perceptual organization refers to our tendency to group things together based on how similar they are?

Accepted Answer

Law of similarity

Question 8

A researcher finds a positive correlation between hours spent studying and exam scores. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

As hours spent studying increase, exam scores also increase.

Question 9

Which ethical principle in psychological research requires that participants be told about the nature of the study and their right to withdraw at any time?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Giving a child a treat for completing their homework

Question 11

Which sensory system is most important for humans in terms of communication?

Accepted Answer

Visual sense

Question 12

A person who is optimistic, sociable, and energetic is most likely to have which primary temperament according to early philosophical roots?

Accepted Answer

Sanguine

Question 13

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of perceptual constancy?

Accepted Answer

Seeing a car as the same size whether it is near or far away

Question 14

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using surveys in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

They depend on self-report data, which may be inaccurate.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a branch or specialty of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Astrological psychology

Question 16

Which concept refers to the minimum amount of stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time?

Accepted Answer

Absolute threshold

Question 17

Which of the following statements about twins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fraternal twins develop from two separate fertilized ova.

Question 18

Which of the following is a key contribution of the humanistic perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Focusing on personal growth and self-actualization

Question 19

Which principle of operant conditioning involves removing an undesirable stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior recurring?

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the law of continuity in perceptual organization?

Accepted Answer

We perceive patterns and objects as continuous rather than discontinuous.

Comprehensive Study Notes: Introduction to Psychology

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