Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main objective of the 'control' step in the scientific method as applied to exercise psychology research?

Accepted Answer

To manipulate the antecedent conditions that determine the occurrence of a given event

Question 2

A researcher wants to compare body image between exercisers, non-exercisers, and athletes at a single point in time. Which study design is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional study

Question 3

Which of the following is a key limitation of cross-sectional research designs?

Accepted Answer

They assume change and cannot establish causation

Question 4

In the context of exercise psychology, which of the following is an example of an antecedent?

Accepted Answer

Motivation to exercise

Question 5

Which of the following best defines a confounding variable?

Accepted Answer

A variable whose presence affects the variables being studied so that the results do not reflect the true relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct formula for Cohen’s d, a measure of effect size?

Accepted Answer

$$d = \frac{M_1$ - M_2$}{SD_{pooled}}$$

Question 7

A researcher finds that the effect size for an exercise intervention on body image is $$d = 0.8. $$According to Cohen’s conventions, how should this effect size be interpreted?

Accepted Answer

Large

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a moderator variable in exercise psychology research?

Accepted Answer

A variable that alters the direction or strength of the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of an operational definition for measuring physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Physical activity will be measured by accelerometers as number of steps taken per day

Question 10

A study finds that music during exercise increases motivation, which in turn increases energy output. In this scenario, what role does motivation play?

Accepted Answer

Mediator

Question 11

Which of the following best increases the internal validity of an exercise psychology study?

Accepted Answer

Using a control group and standardized protocol

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a type of review design used in exercise psychology research?

Accepted Answer

Case-control review

Question 13

A researcher wants to test whether an exercise intervention improves body image compared to a control group, with random assignment and measurements at baseline, two weeks, and six weeks. Which design is this?

Accepted Answer

Randomized controlled trial (RCT)

Question 14

Which of the following is a consequence variable in exercise psychology research?

Accepted Answer

Depression

Question 15

Which of the following best describes external validity?

Accepted Answer

The extent to which results can be generalized beyond the research setting

Question 16

Which of the following is a key advantage of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in exercise psychology research?

Accepted Answer

It allows researchers to be confident that changes are the result of the intervention

Question 17

Which of the following is the best example of a dependent variable in an exercise psychology study?

Accepted Answer

Change in body image after an exercise intervention

Question 18

Which of the following is a common misconception when interpreting correlation in exercise psychology research?

Accepted Answer

Assuming that correlation implies causation

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a method for gathering data on physical activity in research?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure measurement

Question 20

A study finds that the relationship between exercise and body satisfaction is only significant for women. In this case, gender is acting as which type of variable?

Accepted Answer

Moderator

Conducting and Interpreting Sport and Exercise Psychology Research

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