Question 1

According to Kohlberg's stages of moral development, which stage is characterized by behavior driven by the desire to avoid punishment and gain rewards?

Accepted Answer

Preconventional

Question 2

Which of the following best describes Miller's 'magic number' in the context of short-term memory capacity?

Accepted Answer

$$7 \pm 2$$

Question 3

A researcher presents a neutral stimulus immediately before an unconditioned stimulus, resulting in a conditioned response. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?

Accepted Answer

Giving a child extra chores for talking back

Question 5

In Piaget's stages of cognitive development, which stage is marked by the ability to think logically about concrete events but not abstract concepts?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational

Question 6

A child learns to fear dogs after being bitten by one. Later, the child also fears cats and rabbits. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization

Question 7

Which sense is MOST functional at birth according to developmental psychology research?

Accepted Answer

Touch

Question 8

Tolman's learning theory introduced the concept of cognitive maps. In a maze experiment, what did rats demonstrate according to Tolman?

Accepted Answer

Latent learning

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'chunking' in memory?

Accepted Answer

Remembering a phone number as '555-1234' instead of '5-5-5-1-2-3-4'

Question 10

Ainsworth's 'strange situation' experiment was designed to assess which psychological concept?

Accepted Answer

Attachment styles

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of higher-order conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A dog salivates to a light after the light is paired with a bell that was previously paired with food

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between monozygotic and dizygotic twins?

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins are identical; dizygotic twins are fraternal

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of instinctive drift?

Accepted Answer

A raccoon trained to put coins in a box begins to rub them together instead

Question 14

According to Kübler-Ross, which of the following is NOT one of the five stages of dying?

Accepted Answer

Repression

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the concept of scaffolding in cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Providing support to a child that is gradually removed as the child becomes more competent

Question 16

In classical conditioning, what does the abbreviation 'CS' stand for?

Accepted Answer

Conditioned stimulus

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of spontaneous recovery?

Accepted Answer

A conditioned response reappears after extinction and a rest period

Question 18

Which psychologist is most closely associated with the study of conditioned emotional responses?

Accepted Answer

Watson

Question 19

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of behavior modification?

Accepted Answer

Using reinforcement and punishment to change a child's disruptive classroom behavior

Question 20

A researcher is interested in whether intelligence is more influenced by genetics or environment. This research is most closely related to which debate?

Accepted Answer

Nature vs. nurture

Core Concepts in Developmental and Learning Psychology: Study Guide

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