Question 1

Which of the following best describes a 'reasoned judgment' as defined in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

A critical evaluation of evidence and opinions in an argument, not all arguments hold the same power.

Question 2

A student claims, 'If there is a fire, then there must be oxygen.' According to the study materials, what type of condition does this statement illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Necessary condition

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a fallacy of 'guilt by association'?

Accepted Answer

Shifting the focus from the argument to an irrelevant association with something negative.

Question 4

If a deductive argument has true premises and a true conclusion, what else must be true for the argument to be considered valid?

Accepted Answer

The premises must guarantee the conclusion.

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'prima facie evaluation'?

Accepted Answer

A reasonable preliminary and tentative evaluation of a claim or argument based on initial evidence.

Question 6

A person argues, 'Most people believe that climate change is real, so it must be true.' Which fallacy does this statement commit?

Accepted Answer

Appeal to popularity

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a feature of inquiry as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Making judgments without considering evidence.

Question 8

Consider the argument: 'If Bob is a heavyweight boxing champion, then he must be over 90kg in weight.' What type of condition is being described?

Accepted Answer

Sufficient condition

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a 'counterexample' in argument analysis?

Accepted Answer

An example that goes against a claim and does not support it.

Question 10

Which of the following is a fallacy of minimal relevance?

Accepted Answer

Ad hominem

Question 11

A student says, 'If the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.' What type of argument is this?

Accepted Answer

Deductive argument

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a 'false dilemma' fallacy?

Accepted Answer

Arguing that if you do not support a policy, you must be against it.

Question 13

What is the main difference between deductive and inductive arguments according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Deductive arguments guarantee the conclusion if the premises are true; inductive arguments do not.

Question 14

Which of the following is a necessary condition for the conclusion 'There is a fire'?

Accepted Answer

There is oxygen.

Question 15

A person argues, 'You should not listen to her opinion on climate change because she failed science in high school.' Which fallacy is being committed?

Accepted Answer

Ad hominem

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a 'straw person' fallacy?

Accepted Answer

Misinterpreting or exaggerating another person's argument for it to be easily dismissed.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of 'prima facie evaluation'?

Accepted Answer

Making a reasonable preliminary and tentative evaluation of a claim or argument.

Question 18

Which of the following is a valid contrapositive of the statement: 'If Q, then P'?

Accepted Answer

If not P, then not Q

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a type of claim described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Statistical judgment

Question 20

A person argues, 'If we allow students to use calculators in exams, soon they will rely on technology for everything, and eventually, they won't be able to do basic math.' Which fallacy does this argument commit?

Accepted Answer

Slippery slope

Critical Thinking and Argumentation in Psychology: Key Concepts, Reasoning, and Fallacies

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