Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'nature and nurture' in developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

A child inherits a genetic disorder but shows no symptoms due to a supportive environment.

Question 2

A researcher observes that infants show a preference for their mother’s voice and language shortly after birth. This finding supports which idea from prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Language learning begins in utero, influenced by environmental sounds.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a teratogen affecting prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

A pregnant woman consumes alcohol, resulting in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in her child.

Question 4

According to Piaget, which cognitive milestone is typically achieved during the sensorimotor stage?

Accepted Answer

Object permanence

Question 5

A child is shown two identical glasses of water. The water from one glass is poured into a taller, thinner glass. The child insists the taller glass has more water. According to Piaget, this child is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

Preoperational stage

Question 6

Vygotsky’s concept of scaffolding is best demonstrated by which scenario?

Accepted Answer

A teacher provides hints and support as a child learns to solve a puzzle, gradually reducing help as the child improves.

Question 7

Which attachment style is most likely to result in a lifelong attitude of trust, according to Erikson?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment

Question 8

Ainsworth’s 'strange situation' experiment primarily assessed which aspect of child development?

Accepted Answer

Attachment styles

Question 9

Which parenting style, according to Baumrind, is characterized by high responsiveness and high demands, and is associated with the most positive child outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative

Question 10

A 15-year-old is able to think about hypothetical situations and reason abstractly. According to Piaget, which stage of cognitive development is this adolescent in?

Accepted Answer

Formal operational stage

Question 11

Kohlberg’s preconventional level of moral reasoning is best exemplified by which response to a moral dilemma?

Accepted Answer

"I shouldn’t steal because I might get punished."

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the 'selection effect' in adolescent peer relationships?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents tend to choose friends with similar interests and behaviors.

Question 13

Which of the following is a likely outcome for children who experience prolonged deprivation of attachment?

Accepted Answer

Heightened stress reactivity and increased risk for later stress-related diseases

Question 14

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'neural pruning' during brain development?

Accepted Answer

Unused neural connections are eliminated, making the brain more efficient.

Question 15

A 70-year-old woman finds that she sometimes cannot recall a familiar word, experiencing 'tip-of-the-tongue' moments more often than when she was younger. This is most likely due to:

Accepted Answer

Normal age-related changes in memory retrieval

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the 'social clock' in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement

Question 17

According to Erikson, which two basic aspects dominate adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Intimacy and generativity

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why exercise is beneficial for older adults?

Accepted Answer

It slows aging, enhances bone and muscle strength, and helps prevent cognitive decline.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about brain plasticity is supported by research on aging?

Accepted Answer

Brain plasticity continues throughout the lifespan and can be enhanced by mental exercise.

Question 20

A psychologist is studying how a major life event, such as job loss, affects an adult’s transition to a new life stage. This research is most closely related to which concept?

Accepted Answer

Life events as triggers for stage transitions

Developing Through the Life Span: Key Concepts in Developmental Psychology

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