$$ \text{Cognitive Decline} = f(\text{Chronological Age}) $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main focus of developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

The study of patterns of growth and change occurring throughout life, including physical, cognitive, moral, and social domains.

Question 2

Which research method involves studying the same group of people over multiple time points to observe changes as they age?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal research

Question 3

During which prenatal stage do major systems, organs, and structures of the body begin to develop?

Accepted Answer

Embryonic stage

Question 4

A teratogen is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A drug, chemical, or virus that can cross the placenta and harm the developing fetus.

Question 5

Which infant reflex is characterized by a baby turning its head toward a touch on the cheek?

Accepted Answer

Rooting reflex

Question 6

According to Piaget, which stage is marked by the development of object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor stage

Question 7

A child who can perform logical operations but struggles with abstract thought is most likely in which of Piaget's stages?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational stage

Question 8

Which concept from Vygotsky's theory refers to the difference between what a child can do alone and what they can do with help?

Accepted Answer

Zone of proximal development (ZPD)

Question 9

Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment primarily assessed which aspect of development?

Accepted Answer

Attachment styles

Question 10

Which attachment style is characterized by a child who does not cry at departure and avoids the mother at arrival?

Accepted Answer

Avoidant attachment

Question 11

According to Erikson, which psychosocial crisis is faced during adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Question 12

Which parenting style is most likely to result in children who are self-reliant and independent?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative

Question 13

Kohlberg's postconventional morality is best exemplified by which scenario?

Accepted Answer

A person makes decisions based on personal values and principles, even if they conflict with laws.

Question 14

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for healthy aging?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining independence and close family ties.

Question 15

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'synaptic pruning' in brain development?

Accepted Answer

The elimination of unused synapses from infancy until sexual maturation.

Question 16

A child who says 'Me up' to mean 'Pick me up' is demonstrating which stage of language development?

Accepted Answer

Telegraphic speech

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between assimilation and accommodation in Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation involves fitting new information into an existing schema; accommodation involves modifying a schema to fit new information.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a major issue in developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

Motivation/Emotion

Question 19

If a researcher wants to study the effects of aging by testing different age groups at the same time, which research design should they use?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional design

Question 20

Which formula best represents the concept of chronological age as a variable in cognitive decline studies?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Cognitive Decline} = f(	ext{Chronological Age}) $$

Ch. 9

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