Question 1

Which research design best allows developmental psychologists to distinguish between age effects and cohort effects when studying changes across the lifespan?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal design

Question 2

A researcher finds that children whose mothers were exposed to higher levels of fluoride during pregnancy have slightly lower IQ scores at ages 3 to 4. What is the most accurate interpretation of this finding?

Accepted Answer

There is an association between higher maternal fluoride exposure and a small decrease in children's IQ scores.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a teratogen and its associated effect?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol – fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Question 4

A baby is tested two days after birth and shows a change in sucking rate when hearing a story that was read aloud by the mother during the last six weeks of pregnancy. What does this suggest about prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Prenatal exposure to speech can lead to postnatal recognition and preference.

Question 5

According to Harlow's studies with rhesus monkeys, what did infant monkeys prefer when given a choice between a wire mother with food and a cloth mother without food?

Accepted Answer

They preferred the cloth mother, seeking comfort over food.

Question 6

Which attachment style is characterized by a child using the caregiver as a secure base for exploration, showing distress when the caregiver leaves, and seeking comfort upon their return?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment

Question 7

A child who is withdrawn, unsociable, and unfriendly is most likely to have parents who use which parenting style?

Accepted Answer

Authoritarian

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of accommodation in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Changing existing schemas to incorporate new experiences

Question 9

A 4-year-old child covers their eyes and believes that others cannot see them. According to Piaget, this behavior is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Egocentric thought

Question 10

During which of Piaget's stages does a child develop the ability to understand the principle of conservation?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational stage

Question 11

A parent explains to their child how taking a toy from another child makes the other child feel sad. This approach is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Inductive discipline

Question 12

Which of the following is a criticism of attachment theory?

Accepted Answer

It fails to account for cultural variations in child-rearing.

Question 13

Adolescents are more likely to engage in risky behaviors when with peers due to:

Accepted Answer

Peer influence and an underdeveloped prefrontal cortex

Question 14

Which of the following best illustrates adolescent egocentrism?

Accepted Answer

Believing that everyone is constantly watching and judging them

Question 15

According to socioemotional selectivity theory, older adults tend to:

Accepted Answer

Prioritize positive, meaningful experiences and relationships

Question 16

Which of the following is a protective factor for marital satisfaction after having children?

Accepted Answer

Good communication and conflict management

Question 17

A 70-year-old who regularly plays video games is likely to experience which of the following benefits, according to research?

Accepted Answer

Improvements in task switching, memory, and reasoning

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'kindchenschema'?

Accepted Answer

A set of physical features in infants that trigger caregiving and affection in adults

Question 19

A child who believes their thoughts and feelings are unique and that no one else can understand them is demonstrating which adolescent cognitive phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Personal fable

Question 20

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Engaging in regular physical activity

Developmental Psychology Across the Lifespan: Key Concepts and Research

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