Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of a 'critical period' in prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

A period when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences can promote or hinder proper development.

Question 2

A pregnant woman consumes alcohol regularly during her first trimester. According to the study materials, what is the most likely risk to the developing fetus?

Accepted Answer

Fetal alcohol syndrome, which can include cognitive deficits and facial abnormalities.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Postformal operational stage

Question 4

A child who understands that the amount of liquid remains the same when poured into a different-shaped glass has mastered which cognitive concept?

Accepted Answer

Conservation

Question 5

According to Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, what is the primary driver of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Social interactions and language acquisition

Question 6

Which reflex is present in newborns and helps them find food by turning their head toward a touch on the cheek?

Accepted Answer

Rooting reflex

Question 7

What is the main finding from Harlow’s monkey experiments regarding attachment?

Accepted Answer

Monkeys form attachments based on body contact and comfort, not just nourishment.

Question 8

A child who cannot see things from another person’s perspective is demonstrating which Piagetian concept?

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism

Question 9

Which of the following is a possible effect of low socioeconomic status on child development, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Reduced brain growth and lower IQ

Question 10

Which process involves the elimination of unused neural connections in the developing brain?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic pruning

Question 11

A child who can think logically about concrete events but struggles with abstract ideas is most likely in which of Piaget’s stages?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational stage

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of myelination in brain development?

Accepted Answer

It speeds up the transmission of neural impulses.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a teratogen?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol

Question 14

According to the Philadelphia Study (2010), what is the relationship between early nurturing and brain development?

Accepted Answer

Early nurturing is associated with larger hippocampal size, higher IQ, and better memory.

Question 15

A child who can make two-word sentences but cannot yet perform mental operations is likely in which Piagetian stage?

Accepted Answer

Preoperational stage

Question 16

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of object permanence?

Accepted Answer

A child searches for a toy that has been hidden under a blanket.

Question 17

Which of the following is a sign of secure attachment in children?

Accepted Answer

Shows resilience, competence, and better peer relationships.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes synaptic pruning?

Accepted Answer

The elimination of unused neural connections.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of the critical period in development?

Accepted Answer

A child exposed to alcohol in utero developing fetal alcohol syndrome.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why children in the preoperational stage fail the Sally-Anne task (as shown in the image)?

Accepted Answer

They are unable to understand another person's perspective (egocentrism).

Developmental Psychology: Biological, Cognitive, and Social Foundations

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